Fig. 10

Divergence and convergence in Triatominae: genotypes, phenotypes and habitats of Rhodnius ecuadoriensis populations. The map illustrates the approximate distribution of the two major R. ecuadoriensis lineages: the Ecuadorian lineage (orange; “Rhodnius ecuadoriensis I” of [8, 18]) and the Peruvian lineage (yellow; “Rhodnius ecuadoriensis II” of [8, 18]). Question marks highlight uncertainties as to the species’ northern and southern range limits. The reddish shade in Loja suggests possible, partial differentiation of local populations in the Catamayo-Chira basin, as indicated by the identification of three closely related cytb haplotypes (LJ1–LJ3) not shared with other populations (Figs. 7, 8) and by limited microsatellite [41] and 2b-RAD (restriction site-associated DNA tag sequencing/genotyping based on type IIB restriction enzymes) genotyping data [79]. Colored circles show the approximate geographic location (on the map) of cytb haplotypes and their correspondence with each phenotype (on bug pictures); color codes are as in Figs. 1 and 5–8. Nuclear ITS2 haplotypes differ between Ecuadorian (H2–H14; orange box) and Peruvian bugs (H1–H3; yellow box), with no clear geographic, ecological or phenotype-related genetic structuring within Ecuador. The primary (natural) habitat of each population is given in bold italics. Gray-white arrows emphasize phenotypic divergence (D) or convergence (C) between populations