Population genetic structure of the Asian bush mosquito, Aedes japonicus (Diptera, Culicidae), in Belgium suggests multiple introductions

Table 3 Descriptive statistics of the genetic diversity within each population, and between sampling periods at Natoye, Belgium

Country	Region/locality	Microsatellites								nad4
Country	Region/locality	N_s	N	N_a	P_a	A_R	H_o ± SD	H_e ± SD	F_IS	k ± SD	H ± SD
Germany	Northern	25	29	4.143	3	4.093	0.480 ± 0.214	0.521 ± 0.196	0.081*	2.830 ± 1.539	0.007 ± 0.004
	Southwestern	23	37	5.286	4	4.983	0.609 ± 0.120	0.678 ± 0.093	0.105*	2.044 ± 1.186	0.005 ± 0.003
	Western	20	29	4.143	0	4.054	0.539 ± 0.125	0.593 ± 0.100	0.094*	0.813 ± 0.608	0.003 ± 0.003
Belgium	Eupen	17	24	3.429	0	3.429	0.538 ± 0.273	0.580 ± 0.118	0.075	0.925 ± 0.669	0.002 ± 0.002
	Maasmechelen	20	15	2.143	0	2.140	0.493 ± 0.380	0.381 ± 0.285	− 0.305*	0.000 ± 0.000	0.000 ± 0.000
	Natoye	187	33	4.714	2	3.800	0.384 ± 0.259	0.472 ± 0.238	0.186*	2.090 ± 1.173	0.006 ± 0.003
	Natoye (2012–2013)	52	23	3.286	1	3.286	0.421 ± 0.312	0.504 ± 0.292	0.167*	2.837 ± 1.518	0.007 ± 0.004
	Natoye (2017–2019)	135	32	4.571	10	4.292	0.370 ± 0.249	0.426 ± 0.215	0.132*	1.609 ± 0.960	0.004 ± 0.003

Statistics were calculated based on the database for the seven microsatellites, with Genetix v4.05 (H_O, H_e, F_IS), FSTAT v2.9.4 (A_R) and GenAlEx v6.51b2 (N_a, P_a)
*Significant difference, based on the nad4 database using Arlequin v3.5 (k, H)
N_s, number of specimens; N, number of alleles; N_a, mean number of alleles per locus; P_a, number of private alleles; H_o, observed heterozygosity; H_e, unbiased expected heterozygosity; F_IS, inbreeding coefficient; k, mean number of pairwise nucleotide differences; H, average gene diversity over nucleotide positions; A_R, allelic richness with rarefaction to the common sample size of 17 and 52 individuals, estimated based on the whole genotype database, and between sampling periods at Natoye, respectively; SD, standard deviation

ISSN: 1756-3305