Fig. 6

Pulixin did not show significant cytotoxicity to the human embryonic kidney 293 cell line at a concentration of 30 µg/mL or lower. a The cytotoxic effects of pulixin on human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cell proliferation at varying concentrations (0–100 µg/mL) were measured with MTT assays. No significant difference (p = 0.89) was observed when the concentration of pulixin was 30 µg/mL or lower. The density of living cells was significantly lower when pulixin reached 100 µg/mL, compared to the other concentrations (p < 0.03). The test for each concentration was replicated three times. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. b Cells were observed under bright-field microscopy. Consistent with MTT assays, many fewer cells were observed when the concentration of pulixin reached 100 µg/mL than under other concentrations, e.g., pulixin ≤ 30 µg/mL