Table 1 Ticks collected from bird species at Ottenby Bird Observatory, south-eastern Sweden, 2009 [30]
From: Three Babesia species in Ixodes ricinus ticks from migratory birds in Sweden
Bird species | Migratory categorya | No. of bird captures | No. of infested birds (%) | No. of ticks | Mean no. ticks per infested bird ± SEd | Median no. ticks per infested bird (IQR)d | Tick species and developmental stagec | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ixodes spp. | I. r | I. f | H. p | Hy. m | ND | |||||||
Accipiter nisus | PM | 5 | 1 (20) | 1 | – | – | 1 N | |||||
Acrocephalus palustris | LM | 21 | 3 (14) | 4 | 1.3 ± 0.33 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 4 N | |||||
Acrocephalus scirpaceus | LM | 11 | 1 (9.0) | 1 | – | – | 1 N | |||||
Anthus trivialis | LM | 39 | 26 (67) | 93 | 3.6 ± 0.73 | 2 (1.00–4.25) | 4L | 52L, 33 N | 4 | |||
Carduelis cannabina | SM | 15 | 1 (6.7) | 1 | – | – | 1L | |||||
Carduelis flammea | SM | 36 | 2 (5.6) | 7 | 3.5 ± 1.50 | 3.5 | 7 N | |||||
Certhia familiaris | PM | 26 | 2 (7.7) | 4 | 2.0 ± 0.00 | 2 | 2L | 2 | ||||
Cyanistes caeruleus | PM | 58 | 4 (6.9) | 7 | 1.6 ± 0.75 | 1 (1.00–3.25) | 1 N | 4L | 2 | |||
Emberiza schoeniclus | SM | 28 | 2 (7.1) | 3 | 1.5 ± 0.50 | 1.5 | 2 N | 1 | ||||
Erithacus rubecula | SM | 1551 | 368 (24) | 619 | 1.7 ± 0.09 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 38L, 13 N | 278L, 194 N, 3U | 5L, 11 N, 1A | 1L | 75 | |
Fringilla coelebs | SM | 37 | 6 (16) | 8 | 1.3 ± 0.21 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 4L, 2 N | 1A | 1 | |||
Fringilla montifringilla | SM | 8 | 1 (13) | 1 | – | – | 1L | |||||
Hippolais icterina | LM | 50 | 2 (4.0) | 2 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 2 | 1L, 1 N | |||||
Lanius collurio | LM | 43 | 3 (7.0) | 3 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 3 N | |||||
Luscinia luscinia | LM | 18 | 10 (56) | 29 | 2.9 ± 0.78 | 2 (1.75–3.25) | 20L, 9 N | |||||
Luscinia svecica | LM | 28 | 2 (7.1) | 2 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 | 1 N | 1 N | ||||
Motacilla alba | LM | 23 | 1 (4.3) | 3 | – | – | 2L | 1L | ||||
Oenanthe oenanthe | LM | 6 | 1 (17) | 1 | – | – | 1L | |||||
Parus major | PM | 44 | 3 (6.8) | 8 | 2.7 ± 1.67 | 1 (1.00–6.00) | 2 N | 6 | ||||
Passer domesticus | R | 16 | 1 (6.3) | 1 | – | – | 1 N | |||||
Phoenicurus ochruros | LM | 10 | 2 (20) | 2 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 | 2 N | |||||
Phoenicurus phoenicurus | LM | 134 | 40 (30) | 64 | 1.6 ± 0.22 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 29L, 32 N | 3 | ||||
Phylloscopus collybita | LM | 79 | 3 (3.8) | 3 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 2 N | 1 | ||||
Phylloscopus trochilus | LM | 810 | 38 (4.7) | 57 | 1.5 ± 0.14 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 1L, 1 N | 19L, 30 N | 1L | 2 N | 3 | |
Prunella modularis | SM | 44 | 16 (36) | 24 | 1.5 ± 0.14 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 2 N | 3L, 19 N | ||||
Regulus regulus | PM | 319 | 9 (2.8) | 9 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 2L, 7 N | |||||
Sturnus vulgaris | SM | 14 | 3 (21) | 3 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 2 N | 1L | ||||
Sylvia atricapilla | LM | 58 | 4 (6.9) | 4 | 1.0 ± 0.00 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 2L, 1 N | 1 | ||||
Sylvia communis | LM | 123 | 27 (22) | 49 | 1.8 ± 0.37 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 23L, 17 N | 4L | 5 | |||
Sylvia curruca | LM | 270 | 10 (3.7) | 11 | 1.1 ± 0.10 | 1 (1.00–1.00) | 7L, 2 N | 2 | ||||
Troglodytes troglodytes | PM | 254 | 72 (28) | 120 | 1.7 ± 0.20 | 1 (1.00–2.00) | 13L, 2 N | 59L, 31 N, 1U | 1L | 13 | ||
Turdus iliacus | SM | 29 | 9 (31) | 23 | 2.6 ± 0.69 | 2 (1.00–4.50) | 1L, 18 N | 1 N | 3 | |||
Turdus merula | PM | 147 | 66 (45) | 149 | 2.3 ± 0.25 | 1 (1.00–3.00) | 6 N | 8L, 108 N, 1U | 1L, 2 N | 23 | ||
Turdus philomelos | SM | 60 | 9 (15) | 22 | 2.4 ± 0.58 | 2 (1.00–3.50) | 2 N | 2L, 17 N | 1 N | |||
Unknownb | 1 | 1 (100) | 1 | – | – | 1 N | ||||||
Acrocephalus arundinaceus | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | LM | 23 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Anthus pratensis | SM | 5 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Carduelis carduelis | SM | 15 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Carduelis chloris | SM | 16 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Carduelis spinus | SM | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Carpodacus erythrinus | LM | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Coccothraustes coccothraustes | PM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Corvus monedula | R | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Delichon urbica | LM | 43 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Dendrocopos major | PM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Emberiza citrinella | SM | 23 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Ficedula albicollis | LM | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Ficedula hypoleuca | LM | 31 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Ficedula parva | LM | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Hirundo rustica | LM | 25 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Jynx torquilla | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Locustella naevia | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Motacilla flava | LM | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Muscicapa striata | LM | 55 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Passer montanus | R | 37 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Phylloscopus borealis | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Phylloscopus sibilatrix | LM | 19 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Picus viridis | R | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Pyrrhula pyrrhula | PM | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Saxicola rubetra | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Serinus serinus | SM | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Sylvia borin | LM | 42 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Sylvia nisoria | LM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Turdus pilaris | SM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Turdus viscivorus | SM | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
Total number of specimens | 4788 | 749 | 1339 | – | 56L, 27 N | 515L, 551 N, 5U | 8L, 15 N, 1A | 12L | 1L, 2 N, 1A | 145 | ||