Fig. 5

Effect of morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown in cell division and flagella formation in G. lamblia. Giardia trophozoites expressing HA-tagged GlPLK were collected at 18 h after electroporation with control (open bars) or anti-glplk morpholino (closed bars). a Morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown in G. lamblia. (i) Western blot analysis using anti-HA or anti-GlPDI1 antibodies, (ii) western blot analysis using anti-GlPLK or anti-GlPDI1 antibodies. The relative expression of HA-tagged GlPLK (i) or/and endogenous GlPLK (ii) in extracts of cells treated with an anti-glplk morpholino compared with the expression in the control cells is presented as a bar graph. b Effects of morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown on the nuclear phenotypes of G. lamblia. The cells transfected with control (open bars) or an anti-glplk morpholino (closed bars) were maintained for 18 h prior to staining with Giemsa solution. At least 300 cells were examined for the number and position of nuclei under each condition using an Axiovert 200 microscope. Among the cells with two nuclei in the normal position, the number of cells showing nuclear condensation was also recorded (hatched bars). c Effects of morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown on the ploidy of their DNA of G. lamblia. The cells transfected with control (open bars) or an anti-glplk morpholino (closed bars) were maintained for 18 h. After being stained with PI, the ploidy of their DNA was analyzed by flow cytometry. d Effects of morpholino-mediated GlPLK knockdown on flagella formation in G. lamblia. Flagella length was measured in 35 cells per condition. Data are presented as an average of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate that the difference is statistically signiicant at *P = 0.01–0.05 and **P < 0.01, respectively