Intensity and mechanisms of deltamethrin and permethrin resistance in Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations in southern Benin

Table 3 Allelic frequencies of Kdr and Ace-1 in Anopheles gambiae s.l. of Cotonou, Porto-Novo, Bohicon, Allada, and Adjohoun

Locality	Species	No. tested	Mutation Kdr west					Mutation Ace-1R
Locality	Species	No. tested	RR	RS	SS	Freq^†	p^*	RR	RS	SS	Freq^†	p^*
Cotonou	An. coluzzii	2	1	1	0	0.750^a	0.738	0	0	2	0.000^a	1
Cotonou	An. gambiae	98	86	9	3	0.920^a	0.738	0	6	92	0.030^a	1
Porto-Novo	An. coluzzii	79	54	21	4	0.820^a	0.566	0	1	78	0.006^a	1
Porto-Novo	An. gambiae	21	13	6	2	0.760^a	0.566	0	0	21	0.000^a	1
Bohicon	An. coluzzii	44	33	8	3	0.840^a	0.862	0	1	43	0.001^a	0.791
Bohicon	An. gambiae	56	41	10	5	0.820^a	0.862	0	3	53	0.002^a	0.791
Adjohoun	An. coluzzii	96	76	16	4	0.870^a	0.609	0	2	94	0.010^a	1
Adjohoun	An. gambiae	4	4	0	0	1.000^a	0.609	0	0	4	0.000^a	1
Allada	An. coluzzii	100	66	20	14	0.760^a	1	0	2	98	0.010^a	1
All sites	An. coluzzii	321	230	66	25	0.820	NA	0	6	315	0.010	NA
All sites	An. gambiae	179	144	25	10	0.870	NA	0	9	170	0.030	NA

No. number, An Anopheles, Freq frequency, NA not applicable
*p-value: based on χ² test to compare the frequencies of both species by study site
^†For the same species, the study site with frequencies bearing the same letter do not differ significantly (p > 0.05)

ISSN: 1756-3305