The largest meta-analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens

Ruan, Yingfei; Xu, Xiaofei; He, Qiang; Li, Li; Guo, Junrui; Bao, Jialing; Pan, Guoqing; Li, Tian; Zhou, Zeyang

doi:10.1186/s13071-021-04700-x

Table 2 Factors related to microsporidian infection in animals

From: The largest meta-analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens

Hosts	Factors	No. studies	No. samples	No. positive samples	Overall prevalence (%) (95% CI)	Heterogeneity		Univariate meta-regression
Hosts	Factors	No. studies	No. samples	No. positive samples	Overall prevalence (%) (95% CI)	P-value	I-squared	P-value	Coefficient (95% CI) (%)
Swine	Species group							0.496	42.3 (22.0–62.6)
	Pigs	26	5105	2709	39.3 (28.5–50.1)	< 0.001	98.9
	Wild boards	5	1132	331	32.9 (15.0–50.8)	< 0.001	97.8
	Tibetan pigs	4	1801	769	32.4 (3.8–61)	< 0.001	99.4
	Age group							0.707	46.6 (23.7–69.4)
	Preweaned pigs	11	1327	439	39.4 (24.5–54.3)	< 0.001	98.2
	Postweaned pigs	10	923	529	50.7 (31.9–69.4)	< 0.001	97.8
	Growing pigs	10	1140	576	43.5 (24.1–62.9)	< 0.001	98.4
	Adult pigs	6	835	195	33.5 (14.9–52.1)	< 0.001	98.1
Cat	Living environment							0.679	12.7 (0–24.4)
	Feral cats	5	313	31	9.1 (9.1–13)	< 0.001	27.7
	Domestic cats	16	1016	92	8.1 (5.0–11.1)	< 0.001	74.3
Dog	Living environment							0.753	12.0 (5.4–18.6)
	Feral dogs	5	490	58	10.3 (1.8–18.8)	< 0.001	97.0
	Domestic dogs	12	2410	189	8.4 (5.4–11.5)	< 0.001	97.2
Bos	Species group							0.027	22.1 (15.6–29.8)
	Cattle	33	12,175	2216	16.6 (13.5–19.8)	< 0.001	96.1
	Yaks	3	924	65	4.9 (2.1–7.7)	< 0.001	91.9
	Buffaloes	5	1335	80	15.1 (0.9–29.2)	< 0.001	94.3
Ovis	Species group							0.485	30.2 (9.8–50.6)
	Sheep	18	5967	1142	24.9 (18.6–31.1)	< 0.001	98.1
	Goats	10	3735	796	21.3 (9.8–32.8)	< 0.001	98.6
NHPs	Living environment							0.016	34.9 (20.4–49.5)
	Farmed NHPs	14	3614	687	21.2 (15.3–27.2)	< 0.001	94.9
	Wild NHPs	4	931	68	7.4 (2.4–12.4)	< 0.001	91.3
Fowl	Living environment							0.116	34.9 (20.4–49.5)
	Domestic fowl	10	1578	235	14.4 (8.5–20.3)	< 0.001	92.9
	Wild fowl	18	2318	499	21.9 (13.3–30.6)	< 0.001	96.7
	Species group							0.891	17.0 (1.68–32.1)
	Amphibious fowl	3	971	91	16.4 (6.3–26.5)	< 0.001	92.2
	Land fowl	16	2933	606	17.5 (12.7–22.4)	< 0.001	94.2

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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