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Table 6 Logistic regression table showing habitat characteristics that influence the presence of Anopheles larvae

From: Larval habitat diversity and Anopheles mosquito species distribution in different ecological zones in Ghana

Characteristic

Category

Anopheles present

Anopheles absent

Adjusted OR (CI)

p value

Habitat type

Concrete well

9/38 (23.68)

29/38 (76.32)

1

 

Dug-out well

22/42 (52.38)

20/42 (47.62)

2.59 (0.87, 7.54)

0.107

Natural pond

6/46 (13.04)

40/46 (86.96)

0.27 (0.01, 9.27)

0.468

Man-made pond

31/104 (29.81)

73/104 (70.19)

0.83 (0.30, 2.28)

0.714

Drainage ditch

5/23 (21.74)

18/23 (78.26)

2.26 (0.23, 21.98)

0.483

Puddle

6/24 (25.00)

18/24 (75.00)

0.51 (0.02, 17.20)

0.710

Tyre track

2/30 (6.67)

28/30 (93.33)

6.43 (0.24, 173.44)

0.268

Footprint

3/5 (60.00)

2/5 (40.00)

24 (1.57, 386.77)

0.023

Hoofprint

2/11 (18.18)

9/11 (81.82)

2.26 (0.14, 35.30)

0.562

Swamp

16/44 (36.36)

28/44 (63.64)

1.33 (0.04, 43.59)

0.870

Furrow

5/16 (31.25)

11/16 (68.75)

8.17 (0.64, 104.94)

0.107

Nature of habitat

Natural

33/116 (28.45)

83/116 (71.55)

1

 

Man-made

80/267 (29.96)

187/267 (70.04)

0.15 (0.01, 2.74)

0.203

Habitat size categorical

 < 10 m

95/295 (32.20)

200/295 (67.80)

1

 

10–100 m

18/62 (29.03)

44/62 (70.97)

1.73 (0.74, 4.01)

0.203

 > 100 m

0

26/26 (100)

1

 

Vegetation cover categorical

None

21/92 (22.83)

71/92 (77.17)

1

 

 < 24%

38/98 (38.78)

60/98 (61.22)

2.24 (1.02, 4.93)

0.045

25–49%

14/44 (31.82)

30/44 (68.18)

2.62 (0.50, 13.74)

0.253

50–74%

16/47 (34.04)

31/47 (65.96)

3.06 (0.20, 46.04)

0.419

75–100%

74/95 (77.89)

21/95 (22.11)

2.61 (0.07, 101.11)

0.607

Land-use type

Farmland

72/225 (32.00)

153/225 (68.00)

1

 

Pasture

23/62 (37.10)

39/62 (62.90)

0.82 (0.29, 2.33)

0.716

River/stream

0/7

7/7 (100)

1

 

Swamp

0/5

5/5 (100)

1

 

Road

3/50 (6.00)

47/50 (94.00)

0.10 (0.01, 0.95)

0.045

Compound/home

10/18 (55.56)

8/18 (44.44)

3.06 (1.00, 9.36)

0.050

Forest

5/16 (31.25)

11/16 (68.75)

1.05 (0.24, 4.55)

0.943

Season

Dry

41/140 (29.29)

99/140 (70.71)

  

Rainy

72/243 (29.63)

171/243 (70.37)

1.55 (0.83, 2.92)

0.171

Presence of culicines

Absent

59/279 (21.15)

220/279 (78.85)

1

 

Present

54/168 (32.14)

114/168 (67.86)

3.61 (2.00, 6.53)

0.0001