Fig. 4

The effect of the antibody response of the vaccinated mice on An. arabiensis lifetable parameters post-blood-feeding. The antibody titres of the mice negatively correlated with the effects observed on the vector survival (a–c), vector fecundity (d–f), and vector fertility (g–i) of the An. arabiensis populations that ingested the anti-Q38 antibodies (blue), anti-Akirin^arabiensis antibodies (red), and anti-Akirin^albopictus antibodies (green). The linear correlation coefficients (R²) and Pearson correlation coefficient are shown (*r < -0.5; n = 6)