Table 4 Co-infections found in the patients included in the study, grouped by type of malaria
From: Migration-associated malaria from Africa in southern Spain
Co-infection N (%) | ALL | MM | SMM | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 329 | 239 (72.6%) | 90 (27.4%) | ||
Blastocystis hominis | 40 (12.1%) | 20 (8.4%) | 20 (22.2%) | ≤ 0.01 |
Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar | 15 (4.5%) | 6 (2.5%) | 9 (10.0%) | ≤ 0.05 |
Giardia lamblia | 7 (2.1%) | 5 (2.1%) | 2 (2.2%) | 1 |
Strongyloides stercoralis | 31 (9.4%) | 16 (6.7%) | 15 (16.7%) | ≤ 0.05 |
Hookworms | 10 (3.0%) | 3 (1.3%) | 7 (7.8%) | ≤ 0.01 |
Trichuris trichiura | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.54 |
Ascaris lumbricoides | 3 (0.9%) | 1 (0.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | 0.25 |
Hymenolepsis nana | 3 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.3%) | ≤ 0.05 |
Schistosomiasis* | 22 (6.7%) | 14 (5.9%) | 8 (8.9%) | 0.629 |
S. haematobium | 6 (1.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.37 |
S. mansoni | 6 (1.8%) | 3 (1.3%) | 3 (3.3%) | 0.39 |
S. intercalatum | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.32 |
Schistosoma spp. | 5 (1.5%) | 4 (1.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.3 |
Filariae | 14 (4.2%) | 4 (1.7%) | 10 (11.1%) | ≤ 0.01 |
Mansonella perstans | 13 (3.9%) | 2 (0.8%) | 9 (10.0%) | ≤ 0.01 |
Loa loa | 3 (0.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.3%) | ≤ 0.05 |
Syphilis | 23 (7.0%) | 11 (4.6%) | 12 (13.3%) | ≤ 0.01 |
HBV | 49 (14.9%) | 24 (10.0%) | 25 (27.8%) | ≤ 0.01 |
HCV | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.4%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.39 |
HIV | 10 (3.0%) | 9 (3.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0.29 |