Fig. 2

Phenotypes produced by RNA interference (RNAi) of CpCHSA in the larvae stage (n = 150). The red arrow (c, d) indicates the shedding of old cuticle (O-cuticle) in the defective molting process. a, b RNAi of CpCHSA in L3. Expression levels of CpCHSA at 72 h after injection of siCHSA, as assessed using western blotting (a) and qPCR (b). Five mosquitoes were collected from each group for protein or RNA extraction. c siCHSA injection into L3 reduce the survival rate of L4. d The survival rate of L4 to the pupal stage. e The eclosion rate of pupae. f The survival rate of PE mosquitoes. Data represent three biological replicates (50 individuals in each replicate) with three technical replicates, and the results are shown as the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Asterisks indicate a significant difference at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, according to Student’s t-test. NC Negative control, siCHSA short interfering RNA sequences used to silence the CpCHSA gene, WT wild type