From: Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors
Arthropod | Vector | Supergroup detected | Subgroup | Gene targeted | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aedes | Yellow fever virus, dengue (D1, D2, D3, D4) viruses, chikungunya virus, zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ae. albopictus |  | A, B | AlbA, Pip | wsp | |
 Ae. albotaeniatus |  | A | Uni, Albo | wsp | |
 Ae. aegypti |  | A, B | - | wsp, 16S rRNA | [167] |
 Ae. pseudoalbopictus |  |  | AlbA, Pip, Pseu | wsp | |
 Ae. (Stegomyia) spp. |  | A, B | AlbA, Pip | wsp | [83] |
 Ae. niveus subgroup A |  | A | Mel, Niv | wsp | |
 Ae. novoniveus |  | A | Riv, Uni, Nov | wsp | |
 Ae. craggi |  | B | CauB, Crag | wsp | |
 Ae. perplexus |  | B | CauB, Perp | wsp | |
 Ae. pseudalbopictus |  | A, B | AlbA, Pip | wsp | [83] |
 Ae. cinereus |  | B |  | wsp | [177] |
 Ae. cantans |  | B | _ | wsp | [177] |
 Ae. cinereus |  | C | Di | 16S rRNA | |
 Ae. detritus |  | C | Di | wsp | [181] |
 Ae. geniculatus |  | C | Di | wsp | [181] |
 Ae. punctor |  | B, C | Pip, Di | wsp | [181] |
 Ae. fluviatilis |  | B | Flu | 16S rRNA | [182] |
 Ae. cooki  Ae. polynesiensis  Ae. riversi |  | - | - | 16S rRNA | |
 Ae. bromeliae |  | A | - | wsp | [183] |
 Ae. metallicus |  | A | - | wsp | [183] |
Armigeres | Japanese encephalitis virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia pahangi | Â | Â | wsp | Â |
 Ar. kesseli |  | B | Pip | wsp | [83] |
 Ar. subalbatus |  | A | Riv, AlbA | wsp | |
 Ar. flavus |  | A | AlbA | wsp | [83] |
Anopheles | Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax P. malariae, P. ovale, P.knowlesi, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 An. funestus |  | A, B | Anfu | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | |
 An. gambiae |  | A, B | Anga-BF, Anga-Mali | 16S rRNA | |
 An. coluzzii |  | A, B | Anga-BF, Anga-Mali | 16S rRNA | |
 An. arabiensis |  | A, B | Anga | 16S rRNA | [143] |
 An. carnevalei |  | A, B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. coustani |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. hancocki |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. implexus |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. jebudensis |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. marshallii |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. moucheti |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. nigeriensis |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. nili |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. paludis |  | B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. vinckei |  | A, B | – | coxA, fbpA and FtsZ | [184] |
 An. minimus |  | F, D | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. baimaii |  | D, F | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. maculatus |  | B, F | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. pseudowillmori |  | B | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. sawadwongporni |  | B | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. minimus |  | D | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
 An. dirus |  | B | – | 16S rRNA | [170] |
Culex | West Nile virus, equine encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cx p. pipiens |  | B | Pip | 16S rRNA | [51] |
 Cx. fuscocephala |  | B | Pip, Fus | wsp | |
 Cx. gelidus |  | B | Con, Gel | wsp | |
 Cx. quinquefasciatus |  | A, B | Pip | wsp | |
 Cx. sitiens |  | B | Pip, Con, Sit | wsp | |
 Cx. vishnui |  | A, B | Riv, Con | wsp | [83] |
 Cx. brevipalpis |  | A | Mors, Riv, Uni, Bre | wsp | |
 Cx. (Eumelanomyia) spp. |  | A | Eum | wsp | [178] |
 Cx (Lophoceraomyia) spp. |  | A | Lop | wsp | [178] |
 Cx. modestus |  | B | Pip | wsp | [178] |
 Cx. torrentium |  | B, C | Pip, Di | wsp | [178] |
Conquillettidia | West Nile virus. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, John Cunningham virus | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cq. richiardii |  | B | Con | wsp | |
 Cq. crassipes |  | A, B |  | wsp | [83] |
Hodgesia spp. | - | A | Uni | wsp | [83] |
Mansonia | Rift Valley fever virus | Â | Â | wsp | Â |
 Mn. indiana |  | A, B | Riv, Con | wsp | [83] |
 Mn. uniformis |  | A, B | Riv, Con, Pip | wsp | |
 Mn. africana |  | B | – | wsp | [183] |
Tripteroides aranoides | Sylvan yellow fever virus | B | Pip | wsp | [83] |
Uranotaenia patriciae | Not known (isolated Eastern equine encephalitis virus, cyprovirus, Nounane virus) | A, B | Mors, Uni, Pip | wsp | [83] |
Phlebotomus | Leishmania spp., Bartonella spp., phlebovirus, Toscana virus | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 P. papatasi |  | A | Turk 54, pap | wsp | [187] |
 P. (Larroussius) perfiliewi |  | B | AZ2331 | wsp | [187] |
Paraphlebotomus | Leishmania major | Â | Â | wsp | Â |
 Pa. mongolensis |  | A | Turk 07, Turk 54 | wsp | |
 Pa. caucasicus |  | A | Turk 07, Turk 54 | wsp | |
Lutzomyia | Leishmania spp. | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Lu. c. cayennensis |  | B | Lev, Lcy | wsp | [189] |
 Lu. dubitans |  | B | Lev | wsp | [189] |
 Lu. evansi |  | B | Lev | wsp | [189] |
 Lu. cruciata |  | – | – | wsp, 16S rRNA | [190] |
 Lu. trapidoi |  | A | – | wsp | [191] |
 Lu. vespertilionis |  | A | – | wsp, FtsZ | [191] |
Culicoides | Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, Schmallenberg virus | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 C. pulicaris |  | A, B | – | wsp | [192] |
 C. imicola |  | A, B | – | wsp | [192] |
 C. kibunensis |  | B | – | wsp | [192] |
 C. vexans |  | B | – | wsp | [192] |
 C. obsoletus |  | B | – | wsp | [192] |
 C. narrabeenensis |  | B | – | 16S rRNA | [193] |
Simulium | Onchocerca spp. |  | – |  |  |
 Simulium squamosum |  | No identity with any of the supergroups | Dam | aspC, aspS, dnaA, fbpA, ftsZ, groEL, hcpA, IDA, rpoB, rpe, TopI wsp, FtsZ | |
Glossina | Trypanosoma spp. | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 G. morsitans |  | A | Mors | wsp | [51] |
 G. austeni |  | A | Aus | wsp | [51] |
Haematobia irritans irritans | Filarial nematode, Stephanofilaria stilesi, Staphylococcus spp. | A | wIrr | Whole genome sequencing | [163] |
Tabanus sp. | Parasite transportation (Dermatobia hominis), biological transmission (Loa loa), and mechanical transmission of viruses, (equine infectious anemia virus), protozoa, (Trypanosoma evansi, Besnotia besnoiti) and bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Anaplasma marginale) | – | – | FtsZ | [38] |
Muscidae | Viruses (polioviruses, coxackie viruses), numerous bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella sp., Listeria sp., Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Shigella, Vibrio), protozoan parasites (Giardia, Entameba) and eggs of several tapeworms |  |  |  |  |
 Musca sorbens |  | A | – | wsp | [196] |
 Musca domestica |  | B | – | wsp | [196] |
Calliphoridae | Myiasis-producing agent, mechanical transmission of eggs of Taenia sp., Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Chrysomya megacephala |  | A, B | – | wsp | [196] |
 Hemipyrellia pulchra |  | A | – | wsp | [196] |
Sarcophagidae | Myiasis-producing agent | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Sarcophaga dux |  | A | – | wsp | [196] |
 Sarcophaga scopariiformis |  | B | – | wsp | [196] |
Fleas | Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Dipylidium caninum, Hymenolepis diminuta, | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ctenocephalides felis |  | I | – | 16S rRNA | |
Tunga penetrans, Pulex irritans, P. simulans, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides canis Xenopsylla brasiliensis Xenopsylla cheopis Xenopsylla nubica |  | Not specified | – | 16S rRNA | |
Bugs | Trypanosoma cruzi, Bartonella quintana Burkholderia multivorans | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cimex lectularius |  | F | – | 16S rRNA, FtsZ | [203] |
 Montina sp. (Reduvid bug) |  | - | – | FtsZ | [38] |
Ticks | |||||
 Rhipicephalus microplus | Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina | A | – | 16S rRNA |  |
 Ixodes ricinus | Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus | A |  |  | |
 Gustavia microcephala (Oribatid mite) | Anoplocephala spp. and Mesocestoidea spp. | E | – | 16S rRNA, FtsZ, and gltA | [206] |