Table 2 Main supergroups and subgroups of Wolbachia detected in vectors

Aedes

Yellow fever virus, dengue (D1, D2, D3, D4) viruses, chikungunya virus, zika virus (ZIKV), Rift Valley fever virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi

 Ae. albopictus

A, B

AlbA, Pip

wsp

[83, 169, 177]

 Ae. albotaeniatus

A

Uni, Albo

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. aegypti

A, B

-

wsp, 16S rRNA

[167]

 Ae. pseudoalbopictus

AlbA, Pip, Pseu

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. (Stegomyia) spp.

A, B

AlbA, Pip

wsp

[83]

 Ae. niveus subgroup A

A

Mel, Niv

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. novoniveus

A

Riv, Uni, Nov

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. craggi

B

CauB, Crag

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. perplexus

B

CauB, Perp

wsp

[83, 178]

 Ae. pseudalbopictus

A, B

AlbA, Pip

wsp

[83]

 Ae. cinereus

B

wsp

[177]

 Ae. cantans

B

_

wsp

[177]

 Ae. cinereus

C

Di

16S rRNA

[179, 180]

 Ae. detritus

C

Di

wsp

[181]

 Ae. geniculatus

C

Di

wsp

[181]

 Ae. punctor

B, C

Pip, Di

wsp

[181]

 Ae. fluviatilis

B

Flu

16S rRNA

[182]

 Ae. cooki

 Ae. polynesiensis

 Ae. riversi

-

-

16S rRNA

[179, 180]

 Ae. bromeliae

A

-

wsp

[183]

 Ae. metallicus

A

-

wsp

[183]

Armigeres

Japanese encephalitis virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Dirofilaria immitis, Brugia pahangi

wsp

 Ar. kesseli

B

Pip

wsp

[83]

 Ar. subalbatus

A

Riv, AlbA

wsp

[83, 171]

 Ar. flavus

A

AlbA

wsp

[83]

Anopheles

Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax

P. malariae, P. ovale, P.knowlesi,

Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi

 An. funestus

A, B

Anfu

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[147, 184]

 An. gambiae

A, B

Anga-BF, Anga-Mali

16S rRNA

[143, 185, 186]

 An. coluzzii

A, B

Anga-BF, Anga-Mali

16S rRNA

[143, 185, 186]

 An. arabiensis

A, B

Anga

16S rRNA

[143]

 An. carnevalei

A, B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. coustani

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. hancocki

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. implexus

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. jebudensis

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. marshallii

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. moucheti

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. nigeriensis

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. nili

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. paludis

B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. vinckei

A, B

–

coxA, fbpA and FtsZ

[184]

 An. minimus

F, D

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. baimaii

D, F

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. maculatus

B, F

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. pseudowillmori

B

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. sawadwongporni

B

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. minimus

D

–

16S rRNA

[170]

 An. dirus

B

–

16S rRNA

[170]

Culex

West Nile virus, equine encephalitis virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Saint Louis encephalitis virus, Rift Valley fever virus, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi

 Cx p. pipiens

B

Pip

16S rRNA

[51]

 Cx. fuscocephala

B

Pip, Fus

wsp

[83, 178]

 Cx. gelidus

B

Con, Gel

wsp

[83, 178]

 Cx. quinquefasciatus

A, B

Pip

wsp

[83, 169, 171]

 Cx. sitiens

B

Pip, Con, Sit

wsp

[83, 178]

 Cx. vishnui

A, B

Riv, Con

wsp

[83]

 Cx. brevipalpis

A

Mors, Riv, Uni, Bre

wsp

[83, 178]

 Cx. (Eumelanomyia) spp.

A

Eum

wsp

[178]

 Cx (Lophoceraomyia) spp.

A

Lop

wsp

[178]

 Cx. modestus

B

Pip

wsp

[178]

 Cx. torrentium

B, C

Pip, Di

wsp

[178]

Conquillettidia

West Nile virus. Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus, John Cunningham virus

 Cq. richiardii

B

Con

wsp

[177, 181]

 Cq. crassipes

A, B

wsp

[83]

Hodgesia spp.

-

A

Uni

wsp

[83]

Mansonia

Rift Valley fever virus

wsp

 Mn. indiana

A, B

Riv, Con

wsp

[83]

 Mn. uniformis

A, B

Riv, Con, Pip

wsp

[83, 171]

 Mn. africana

B

–

wsp

[183]

Tripteroides aranoides

Sylvan yellow fever virus

B

Pip

wsp

[83]

Uranotaenia patriciae

Not known (isolated Eastern equine encephalitis virus, cyprovirus, Nounane virus)

A, B

Mors, Uni, Pip

wsp

[83]

Phlebotomus

Leishmania spp., Bartonella spp., phlebovirus, Toscana virus

 P. papatasi

A

Turk 54, pap

wsp

[187]

 P. (Larroussius) perfiliewi

B

AZ2331

wsp

[187]

Paraphlebotomus

Leishmania major

wsp

 Pa. mongolensis

A

Turk 07, Turk 54

wsp

[187, 188]

 Pa. caucasicus

A

Turk 07, Turk 54

wsp

[187, 188]

Lutzomyia

Leishmania spp.

 Lu. c. cayennensis

B

Lev, Lcy

wsp

[189]

 Lu. dubitans

B

Lev

wsp

[189]

 Lu. evansi

B

Lev

wsp

[189]

 Lu. cruciata

–

–

wsp, 16S rRNA

[190]

 Lu. trapidoi

A

–

wsp

[191]

 Lu. vespertilionis

A

–

wsp, FtsZ

[191]

Culicoides

Bluetongue virus, African horse sickness virus, Schmallenberg virus

 C. pulicaris

A, B

–

wsp

[192]

 C. imicola

A, B

–

wsp

[192]

 C. kibunensis

B

–

wsp

[192]

 C. vexans

B

–

wsp

[192]

 C. obsoletus

B

–

wsp

[192]

 C. narrabeenensis

B

–

16S rRNA

[193]

Simulium

Onchocerca spp.

–

 Simulium squamosum

No identity with any of the supergroups

Dam

aspC, aspS, dnaA, fbpA, ftsZ, groEL, hcpA, IDA, rpoB, rpe, TopI wsp, FtsZ

[194, 195]

Glossina

Trypanosoma spp.

 G. morsitans

A

Mors

wsp

[51]

 G. austeni

A

Aus

wsp

[51]

Haematobia irritans irritans

Filarial nematode, Stephanofilaria stilesi, Staphylococcus spp.

A

wIrr

Whole genome sequencing

[163]

Tabanus sp.

Parasite transportation (Dermatobia hominis), biological transmission (Loa loa), and mechanical transmission of viruses, (equine infectious anemia virus), protozoa, (Trypanosoma evansi, Besnotia besnoiti) and bacteria (Bacillus anthracis, Anaplasma marginale)

–

–

FtsZ

[38]

Muscidae

Viruses (polioviruses, coxackie viruses), numerous bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Helicobacter pylori, Salmonella sp., Listeria sp., Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Shigella, Vibrio), protozoan parasites (Giardia, Entameba) and eggs of several tapeworms

 Musca sorbens

A

–

wsp

[196]

 Musca domestica

B

–

wsp

[196]

Calliphoridae

Myiasis-producing agent, mechanical transmission of eggs of Taenia sp., Entamoeba coli, Giardia lamblia, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

 Chrysomya megacephala

A, B

–

wsp

[196]

 Hemipyrellia pulchra

A

–

wsp

[196]

Sarcophagidae

Myiasis-producing agent

 Sarcophaga dux

A

–

wsp

[196]

 Sarcophaga scopariiformis

B

–

wsp

[196]

Fleas

Yersinia pestis, Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp., Dipylidium caninum, Hymenolepis diminuta,

 Ctenocephalides felis

I

–

16S rRNA

[32, 35, 197]

Tunga penetrans, Pulex irritans, P. simulans, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Ctenocephalides canis

Xenopsylla brasiliensis

Xenopsylla cheopis

Xenopsylla nubica

Not specified

–

16S rRNA

[197,198,199,200,201,202]

Bugs

Trypanosoma cruzi, Bartonella quintana Burkholderia multivorans

 Cimex lectularius

F

–

16S rRNA, FtsZ

[203]

 Montina sp. (Reduvid bug)

-

–

FtsZ

[38]

Ticks

 Rhipicephalus microplus

Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina

A

–

16S rRNA

 Ixodes ricinus

Borrelia burgdorferi, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus

A

[204, 205]

 Gustavia microcephala (Oribatid mite)

Anoplocephala spp. and Mesocestoidea spp.

E

–

16S rRNA, FtsZ, and gltA

[206]