From: Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors
Onchocercids | Host | Location | Vector | Wolbachia supergroup | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Onchocercinae | [102] | ||||
 Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides | Canids | Coelomic cavity and subcutaneous tissue | Hippobosca Heterodoxus | NA | [102] |
 Acanthocheilonema reconditum | Canids | Subcutaneous tissue | Ctenocephalides Pulex Heterodoxus | Absent | [102] |
 Acanthocheilonema viteae | Rodents | Subcutaneous tissue | Ornithodoros | Absent | [102] |
 Acanthocheilonema odendhali | Northern fur seal | – | – | Absent | [13] |
 Brugia malayi | Humans | Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, testes | Mansonia Anopheles Aedes | D | [102] |
 Brugia pahangi | Dogs, felids | Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, testes | Anopheles Aedes | D | [102] |
 Brugia timori | Humans | Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, testes | Anopheles Aedes | D | [102] |
 Cercopithifilaria grassii | Dogs | Subcutaneous tissue | Rhipicephalus spp. | NA | [102] |
 Cercopithifilaria japonica | Ursidae (Black bear) | Oesophageal and tracheal connective tissue | – | F | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria crassa | Sika deer | Dermis | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria longa | Sika deer | Subcutaneous connective tissues between muscles and skin of limbs and trunk | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria minuta | Japanese serow | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria multicauda | Japanese serow | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria roussilhoni | Brush–tailed porcupine | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria shohoi | Japanese serow | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Cercopithifilaria tumidicervicata | Japanese serow | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Litomosa westi | Rodents | Abdominal and pleural cavities | Ornithonyssus spp. | D | [49] |
 Litomosoides sigmodontis | Rodents | Coelomic cavity | Ornithonyssus | D | [102] |
 Litomosoides taylori | Water nectomys | Abdominal cavity | Suspected to be mites or bat flies | D | [12] |
 Litomosoides braziliensis | Bats | Abdominal cavity | Suspected to be mites or bat flies | D | |
 Litomosoides solarii | Bats | Abdominal cavity | Suspected to be mites or bat flies | D | |
 Litomosoides hamletti | Bats | Abdominal cavity | Suspected to be mites or bat flies | D | |
 Litomosoides galizai | Murids | Coelomic cavity | Bdellonyssus bacoti | D | [49] |
 Litomosa chiropterorum |  |  |  | Absent | [12] |
 Litomosa yutajensis |  |  |  | Absent | [12] |
 Litomosoides chagasfilhoi | Mongolian gerbils | Abdominal cavity | Ornithonyssus bacoti | D | [208] |
 Loxodontofilaria caprini | Serows | Subcutaneous tissue mainly of limbs | Simulium japonicum T. japonensis (suspected vector) | C | |
 Montanema martini | Typical striped grass mouse | Skin | Ixodid ticks | Absent | [12] |
 Mansonella ozzardi | Humans | Coelomic cavity | Culicoides Simulium | F | |
 Mansonella perstans | Humans and monkeys | Coelomic cavity | Culicoides | F | |
 Mansonella streptocerca | Humans and monkeys | Intradermal | Culicoides grahamii | NA | |
 Mansonella perforata | Sika deer | Dermis | Culicoides spp. | F | |
 M. (T.) atelensis amazonae | Primates, Cebidae | Subscapular region | Culicoides spp. | F | |
 Onchocerca cervicalis | Equids | Nuchal ligament | Culicoides | C | [102] |
 Onchocerca gutturosa/ Onchocerca lienalis | Bovids | Nuchal ligament, connective tissue, gastro splenic ligament | Simulium arakawae Simulium daisense Simulium kyushuense Culicoides | C | |
 Onchocerca lupi | Canids | – | Unknown | C | [102] |
 Onchocerca ochengi | Bovids | Intradermal | Simulium | C | [102] |
 Onchocerca volvulus | Humans | Subcutaneous tissue | Simulium | C | [102] |
 Onchocerca armillata | Bovids occasionally camel | Thoracic aorta | Midges (Culicoides), Blackflies (Simulium) | C | [12] |
 Onchocerca borneensis n. sp. | Suids | Footpads of the hind limbs |  | C | [12] |
 Onchocerca dewittei japonica | Suids | Nodular fibrous structures in the footpads of fore- and hind limbs | Simulium bidentatum | C | |
Onchocerca caprini | Bovids | Skin | Simulium sp. | C | [12] |
 Onchocerca suzukii | Bovids | Subcutaneous tissue of the body, mainly in the thoracic area and pelvic limbs | Simulium japonicum Prosimulium sp. (Suspected vector) | C | |
 Onchocerca cervipedis | Cervids | Subcutaneous tissues of the legs | Prosimulium impostor Simulium decorum Simulium venustum | C | [211] |
 Onchocerca boehmi | Equids | Arteries and veins of the limbs | Not known | C | [212] |
 Onchocerca skrjabini | Cervids, bovids | Subcutaneous tissues of muzzle, hocks and to a lesser extend in brisket and shoulder | Simulium arakawae, Simulium bidentatum, Simulium oitanum (Putative vector) | C | |
 Onchocerca eberhardi | Cervids | Carpal ligament | Simulium arakawae, Simulium bidentatum, Simulium oitanum (Putative vector) | C | |
 Onchocerca gibsoni | Bovines | Subcutaneous and intermuscular nodules | Culicoides spp. | C | [34] |
 Onchocerca fasciata | Camels | Subcutaneous tissue and nuchal ligament | Unknown | – | [213] |
 Onchocerca jakutensis | Red deer, humans | Tissues of the outer thigh and the caudal part of the back; eye, neck and face nodules |  | – | [214] |
 Wuchereria bancrofti | Humans | Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, testes | Culex Anopheles Aedes | D | [102] |
 Dipetalonema gracile | Capuchin monkey | Abdominal cavity | Culicoides spp. | J | |
 Dipetalonema robini | New world monkey | Peritoneal cavity | Culicoides spp. | J | |
 Dipetalonema caudispina | New world monkey | Peritoneal cavity | Culicoides spp. | J | |
 Dipetalonema graciformis | New world monkey | Peritoneal cavity | Culicoides spp. | J | |
 Malayfilaria sofiani | Tree shrews | Tissues surrounding the lymph nodes of the neck | Not known | D | [207] |
 Cruorifilaria tuberocauda | Capybara | Kidney | Not known | J | [13] |
 Yatesia hydrochoerus | Capybara | Skeletal muscle | Amblyomma sp? | J | [13] |
Breinlia (Breinlia) jittapalapongi | Tanezumi rat | Peritoneal cavity | – | Absent | [13] |
Dirofìlariinae |  |  |  |  |  |
 Dirofilaria immitis | Canids, felids | Right ventricle pulmonary artery | Aedes | C | [102] |
 Dirofilaria repens | Canids, felids | Subcutaneous tissue | Culex Aedes | C | [102] |
 Loa loa | Humans | Subcutaneous tissue | Chrysops | Absent | [102] |
 Foleyella candezei | Rainbow agama | Subcutaneous tissue |  | Absent | [12] |
 Pelecitus fulicaeatrae | Black-necked grebe | Ankle region | Lice | Absent | [13] |
Setariinae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Setaria equina | Horses | Coelomic cavity | Aedes | Absent | [102] |
 Setaria tundra | Roedeer | Peritoneal cavity | Aedes sp., Anopheles sp. | Absent | [13] |
 Setaria digitata | cattle | Peritoneal cavity | Aedes, Culex, Anopheles, Hyrcanus, Armigeres | Absent | [12] |
Splendidofilariinae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cardiofilaria pavlovskyi | Eurasian golden oriole | Body and pericardial cavity | – | NA | [13] |
 Madathamugadia hiepei | Turner's thick-toed gecko | – | Phlebotomus sp.? | F | [13] |
 Aproctella sp. 1 | Rufous-bellied Thrush Green-winged saltator | – | – | Absent | [12] |
Icosiellinae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Icosiella neglecta | Marsh frog, Edible frog | Muscle, subcutaneous tissue | – | Absent | [13] |
Oswaldofilariinae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Oswaldofilaria petersi | Crocodilurus | Mesentery, intestine and thigh muscles | – | Absent | [13] |
 Piratuba scaffi | Lizard jungle runner | Skin |  | Absent | [12] |
Waltonellinae | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ochoterenella phyllomedusa | Toads | – | Culicine mosquitoes | Absent | [13] |
 Ochoterenella royi | Cane toad | – | – | Absent | [12] |
 Ochoterenella sp. 1 | Giant leaf frog | – | – | Absent | [12] |