Table 4 Progress in Wolbachia-based vector modifications for control and its possible outcomes
From: Wolbachia: endosymbiont of onchocercid nematodes and their vectors
Vector | Pathogens transmitted | Stable transfections | Strains used | Protected against pathogens | Effects/favourable outcome of transfected mosquitoes | Reversal outcome effects in transfected mosquitoes | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aedes | Yellow fever virus Dengue (D1, D2, D3, D4) viruses Chikungunya virus Zika virus (ZIKV) Rift Valley fever virus Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Aedes polynesiensis | wAlbB, wMel, wMelPopCLA | Yellow fever virus Chikungunya Plasmodium gallinaceum ZIKV and ZIKV/DENV coinfection transmission blockage Brugia pahangi | wAlB-mosquitoes successfully established and reduced human dengue incidence was registred wMel-mosquitoes successfully established across 66 km2 and no local dengue transmission was registered | Enhance DENV D2 in Aedes aegypti and Plasmodium gallinaceum in Aedes fluviatilis | |
Anopheles | Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium knowlesi Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Anopheles gambiae Anopheles stephensi | wAlbB | Plasmodium falciparum, modestly suppress Plasmodium berghei oocyst levels, Plasmodium yoelii at some temperatures | Modest decrease in oocyst numbers and a strong reduction in salivary gland sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum | Enhance Plasmodium yoelii at some temperatures in Anopheles stephensi | [147] |
Culex | West Nile virus Equine encephalitis virus Japanese encephalitis virus Saint Louis encephalitis virus Rift Valley fever virus Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi | Culex tarsalis | wPip | West Nile virus (WNV) | Increasing Plasmodium relictum transmission stages | Enhance WNV infection in Culex tarsalis and Plasmodium relictum in Culex quinquefasciatus |