Fig. 4

Transmission-blocking activities of the antisera assessed in vitro and in vivo. a Inhibition of exflagellation. P. berghei-infected blood collected at 3 days post infection was incubated with the respective control and immune sera at dilutions of 1:5 and 1:10. Exflagellation centers in 10 microscopic fields were counted after 15 min. b) Inhibition of ookinete formation. Under the same culture conditions, ookinetes formed within 24 h were stained with Pbs21 mAb and counted. Data for exflagellation and ookinetes were representative of three independent experiments. c Midgut oocysts were counted from individual mosquitoes infected with parasites 12 days after the blood meal. The results were collected from three mice in each immunization group and in two separate experiments (n = 180). Data points represent oocyst numbers in individual mosquitoes. Horizontal bars indicate the mean number of oocysts per midgut. d Mosquito infection prevalence was calculated at 12 days after the blood meal. Data points represent the prevalence of infection in mosquitoes from three mice per group and in two separate experiments. Error bars indicate mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 represent the significant difference between the respective immunization group and the Trx-His control group. ^#P < 0.05 and ^##P < 0.01 represent significant difference between two immunization groups