Fig. 1

Yeast larvicide MtnB.496 induces female-specific mortality. a MtnB transcript is expressed throughout larval development (L1 = first instar, L2 = second instar, L3 = third instar, L4 = fourth instar, Pupae-M = male pupae, Pupae-F = female pupae; error bars denote standard deviations; transcript levels relative to those of L4 larvae are displayed). b Silencing of MtnB following larval consumption of MtnB.496 yeast was confirmed through qRT-PCR (***P < 0.001, Student’s t-test; error bars represent standard deviation). c Oral consumption of MtnB.496 yeast during larval development resulted in significant female larval mortality (***P < 0.001, chi-squared test), but did not impact male survival (P > 0.05, chi-squared test); larval consumption of control interfering RNA strain yeast did not significantly impact survival of female (P > 0.05, chi-squared test) or male (P > 0.05, chi-squared test) larvae. Data, which were compiled from nine replicate container trials per condition (with each container bearing 20 larvae), are represented as mean survival through adulthood, and error bars represent standard errors of the mean