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Table 1 Stadium and year distribution of Borrelia-infected ticks removed from humans between 2016 and 2019

From: Long-term study of Borrelia and Babesia prevalence and co-infection in Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor recticulatus ticks removed from humans in Poland, 2016–2019

Stadium of Borrelia-infected ticks

No. of tested ticks (n)

No of positive ticksa

P value

2016

2017

2018

2019

Total

Borrelia-positive Ixodes ricinus ticksb

 Larvae

54

2 (28.6; 6.5–64.8)

0 (0.0)

2 (8.7; 1.9–25.1)

1 (7.7; 0.8–30.7)

5 (9.3; 3.6–19.1)

= 0.231

 Nymphs

1298

22 (27.5; 18.6–38.0)

38 (29.2; 21.9–37.4)

129 (24.5; 21.0–28.3)

132 (23.6; 20.2–27.2)

321 (24.7; 22.5–27.2)

 = 0.550

 Adults

538

14 (35.9; 22.3–51.5)

28 (32.6; 23.4–42.9)

63 (29.7; 23.9–36.1)

48 (23.8; 18.3–30.0)

153 (28.4; 24.7–32.3)

 = 0.247

 Total

1890

38 (30.2; 22.7–38.6)

66 (29.1; 23.5–35.2)

194 (25.5; 22.5–28.6)

181 (23.4; 20.5–26.4)

479 (25.3; 23.4–27.3)

 = 0.051*

Borrelia-positive Dermacentor reticulatus ticksc

 Adults

63

1 (20; 2.3–62.9)

1 (25; 2.8–71.6)

2 (7.7; 1.6–22.5)

4 (14.3; 5.0–30.5)

8 (12.7; 6.1–22.2)

 = 0.740

  1. *Hierarchic logline analysis: year of study ×  Borrelia prevalence in Ixodes ricinus ticks: χ23 = 7.6; P = 0.051
  2. aValues for positive ticks are given as the percentage with the 95% confidence interval (CI) in parentheses
  3. bHierarchic logline analysis included: year of study ×  I. ricinus tick stages (larvae, nymphs, adults) ×  Borrelia prevalence: χ26 = 5.4; P = 0.500
  4. cHierarchic logline analysis included: year of study ×  D. reticulatus tick stages (females, males) ×  Borrelia prevalence: χ23 = 2.2; P = 0.542