Table 3 Volatile profile of dynamic headspace sampling of aerial parts from C. rotundus (CR), C. exaltatus (CE), C. dactylon (CD), P. repens (PR) and C. setaceus (CS)
Volatile compound | Area (%) composition ± SE | EAD Spec. | Physiol. stage | Ref. | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RI | CR | CE | CD | PR | CS | ||||
Primary alcohol | |||||||||
 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol | 1039 | – | – | 0.41 ± 0.322 | – | – | – | – |  |
Aliphatic ketone | |||||||||
 Sulcatone | 992 | – | – | 0.038a | – | – | Aa | G | [22] |
Aliphatic ester | |||||||||
 4-Hexen-1-ol acetate | 1012 | – | – | 3.338 ± 1.867 | – | – | – | – |  |
Cycloalkane | |||||||||
 1-Isobutyl-1-cyclohexene | 955 | – | 0.139a | – | – | – | – | – |  |
Cyclic ketone | |||||||||
 Cyclohexanone, 2,2,6-trimethyl | 1043 | – | – | 0.102 ± 0.041 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Isophorone | 1069 | – | – | 0.111 ± 0.088 | – | – | – | – |  |
Aromatic | |||||||||
 1,4-Diethylbenzene | 1056 | – | – | – | – | 1.433 ± 0.676 | – | – |  |
 Cymene | 1062 | – | – | – | – | 0.351 ± 0.368 | Aa, Ag | G | |
 2,4-Dimethyl-acetophenone | 1277 | 0.392 ± 0.324 | – | – | – | 0.514 ± 0.385 | – | – |  |
 β-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether | 1298 | – | – | – | – | 0.089a | – | – |  |
 1H-indene, 1-ethylidene | 1313 | – | – | – | – | 0.004a | – | – |  |
Alkyne | |||||||||
 4,6-Decadiyne | 1063 | – | – | – | – | 0.475 ± 0.043 | – | – |  |
Aromatic monoterpene | |||||||||
 Cumic alcohol | 1271 | 0.418 ± 0.358 | – | – | – | 0.347 ± 0.308 | – | – |  |
Monoterpene | |||||||||
 α-Pinene | 942 | – | – | 0.035 ± 0.026 | – | – | Aa | G | |
 β-Pinene | 980 | 0.632 ± 0.287 | 0.021a | 0.042 ± 0.035 | – | – | Aa, Ag | G, U | |
 Myrcene | 994 | 0.452 ± 0.135 | – | – | – | – | Ag | U | |
 Limonene | 1035 | 2.805 ± 1.127 | 1.043 ± 0.31 | 0.088 ± 0.069 | 0.037 ± 0.018 | – | Aa, Ag | G, U | |
 Eucalyptol | 1039 | – | – | – | 0.877 ± 0.27 | – | – | – |  |
 4-Thujanol | 1078 | – | – | 0.076 ± 0.067 | – | – | – | – |  |
 1,1-Dimethyl-3-methylene-2-vinylcyclohexane | 1121 | 1.554 ± 0.672 | 0.78 ± 0.591 | 0.188a | – | 0.072a | – | – |  |
 Camphor | 1158 | – | – | 0.028 ± 0.03 | – | – | – | – |  |
 β-Cyclocitral | 1234 | – | – | 0.118 ± 0.069 | 0.025 ± 0.016 | – | – | – |  |
Sesquiterpene | |||||||||
 Unidentified M = [204]* | 1356 | – | – | 0.135 ± 0.06 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Ylangene | 1362 | – | – | – | 0.115 ± 0.134 | – | – | – |  |
 Cyclosativene | 1383 | – | – | 0.194 ± 0.081 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Copaene | 1389 | 0.569 ± 0.372 | – | 0.044 ± 0.025 | – | – | – | – |  |
 γ-Elemene | 1396 | 0.093 ± 0.028 | – | – | – | – | Ag | U | [61] |
 β-Elemene | 1404 | 3.64 ± 1.038 | 0.951a | 0.069 ± 0.059 | 0.54 ± 0.19 | – |  |  |  |
 Cyperene | 1418 | 0.584 ± 0.111 | 0.916 ± 0.514 | – | – | – | – | – |  |
 α-Gurjunene | 1419 | – | – | 0.134 ± 0.113 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Cedrene | 1436 | – | 0.101 ± 0.073 | – | – | – | Ag | U | [59] |
 β-Caryophyllene | 1438 | 3.517 ± 1.668 | 1.953 ± 0.641 | 0.141 ± 0.031 | – | – | Aa, Ag | G, U | |
 α-Bergamotene | 1448 | – | – | 0.096 ± 0.082 | – | – | – | – |  |
 β-Ionone | 1453 | – | – | 0.115 ± 0.009 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Humulene | 1473 | 2.376 ± 0.96 | 0.429 ± 0.279 | – | – | – | Ag | U | |
 δ-Guaiene | 1482 | – | – | 1.036 ± 1.696 | – | – | – | – |  |
 Germacrene D | 1500 | – | 0.726 ± 0.471 | 0.126 ± 0.084 | – | – | – | – |  |
 α-Guaiene | 1502 | 0.518 ± 0.2 | 0.132 ± 0.265 | 0.145 ± 0.163 | 0.072a | – | – | – |  |
 α-Muurolene | 1516 | – | 0.195 ± 0.109 | 0.099 ± 0.038 | – | – | – | – |  |
 δ-Cadinene | 1535 | – | 0.796 ± 0.094 | – | – | – | Ag | U | [59] |
 Caryophyllene oxide | 1609 | 0.281 ± 0.165 | – | – | – | – | – | – |  |
 Humulene epoxide II | 1639 | 0.591 ± 0.887 | – | – | – | – | – | – |  |
 Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 1853 | – | – | 1.463 ± 0.379 | – | – | – | – |  |