Table. 1 Distribution of mosquito-borne diseases, pathogens, main vectors, and related hosts in Cameroon

Human malaria

P. falciparum, P. ovale, P. malariae, P. vivax

Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis

Humans

Country wide

[6, 7, 16, 23, 25, 32, 35, 38, 45, 101, 102, 117, 118]

Primate malaria

P. adleri, P. blacklocki, P. praefalciparum, P. reichnowii, P. gaboni, P. billcollinsi

An. moucheti

Great apes such as gorillas, chimpanzees

South forest region

[64,65,66]

Avian malaria

Plasmodium spp., Haemoproteus spp.

Culex spp., Mansonia spp., Coquillettidia spp.

Birds

South-West (Nguti), South (Ndibi, Mvia, Koto)

[15, 29, 74]

Lymphatic filariasis

Wuchereria bancrofti

Anopheles spp., Mansonia spp., Culex spp.

Humans

Northern Cameroon

[201]

Dengue fever

Dengue virus (serotype 1–4)

Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti

Humans, animals (squirrels, monkeys, parrots, héron, calao)

Douala, Yaoundé, Kaele, Bankim, Ntui, Edea, Buea, Foumban, Dschang, Bafia, Bangangte, Kribi, Garoua,

[28, 81, 86, 87, 93, 97, 98, 100, 158, 159]

Chikungunya

Chikungunya virus 1 genotype (East Central South African genotype)

Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti

Humans, animals (mammals, birds)

Kumbo, Buea, Tiko, Douala, Yaoundé

[28, 86, 87, 89, 90, 94, 109]

Yellow fever

Yellow fever virus

Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti

Humans, animals (mammals, birds)

Kumbo, Buea, Ayos, Mora, Bertoua, Batouri, Mokolo

[28, 84, 86, 87, 89, 90, 201]

Zika

Zika virus

Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti

Humans, animal (migrant birds, francolin, calao, rapace, Passeriformes, pigeons, mammals)

Garoua, Maroua, Ngaoundere, Buea, Bertoua, Yaoundé, Douala

[96]

Rift Valley fever

Rift Valley fever virus

Aedes spp., Culex spp.

Humans, goats, sheep, cattle, gazelles, buffalo

Countrywide (in all regions of the country)

[19, 21, 30, 92]

Other viruses

Tiko virus, Kumba virus, Semlinki virus, Okola virus, Tahina virus, Onyong nyong virus, Ilesha virus, MIDV, NTAV, WESV, Bunyamwera virus, Eret virus, Silbu virus, Tatanguine virus, Osuntu virus, Uganda virus, Sindbis virus, Nkolbisson virus, SPOV

Culex spp., Mansonia spp., Coquillettidia spp., Eretmapodites spp.

Humans, animals (mammals, birds)

Kumba, Obout, Buea, Ebogo, Ototomo, Mbalmayo, Akonolinga, Nkolbisson, Okola, Ofoumselek, Yaoundé

[28, 84, 86,87,88,89,90]