Skip to main content

Table 1 Description of statistical approaches used

From: Infection risk varies within urbanized landscapes: the case of coyotes and heartworm

Analytical approach

n

Outcome variable

Fixed effects

Random effect(s)

Linear regression model

192

Duration of the heartworm transmission season (months)

Year (2000–2015)

Urban zone (1–4)

Latitude

NA

Binomial generalized linear mixed model

315a

Infection (yes/no)

Year (2001–2016; no heartworm data were collected in 2006 and 2007)

Age class (pup (6–12 months), juvenile, adult)

Sex

Urban zone (1–4)

Proportion of adults tested each year (as an offset)

Site

Animal ID

Binomial generalized linear mixed modelb

146

Infection (yes/no)

Year

Age class

Resident status (resident vs. transient)c

Proportion low developed urban land in home range

Proportion medium developed urban land in home range

Proportion mosquito habitat in home range

Proportion of adults tested each year (as an offset)

Age class * proportion low developed

Age class * proportion medium developed

Age class * proportion mosquito habitat

Site

  1. aSixteen of the coyotes were captured more than once
  2. bFour models were run using this model structure and composition: (1) for residents and transients using MCP; (2) for residents only using MCP; (3) for residents and transients using a-LoCoH; and (4) for residents only using a-LoCoH
  3. cVariable was included only when both resident and transient coyotes were analyzed