Fig. 2
Effect of ricinine on Plasmodium falciparum oocyst rupture in mosquito midguts and sporozoite dissemination in head/thoraces for three parasite isolates (A, C and D). a Proportion of infected mosquitoes with ruptured oocysts (± 95% CI) from 10 to 12 dpbm, expressed as the number of mosquitoes with at least one ruptured oocyst out of the total number of infected mosquitoes, i.e. harbouring either intact and/or ruptured oocysts, in response to the ricinine treatment (blue) or the control (red). The lines represent best-fit logistic growth curves for each treatment. b Fraction of ruptured oocysts (± 95% CI), expressed as the number of ruptured oocysts out of the total number of oocysts (intact + ruptured). The lines represent best-fit logistic growth curves for each isolate. c Proportion of mosquitoes with disseminated sporozoites in the head/thorax (± 95% CI). Sample size = 7–31 individuals/dpbm/isolate/treatment (mean = 14.75). A concentration of 0.04 g l−1 of ricinine and Anopheles coluzzii was used for the first experimental infection using parasite isolate A (panels a–c), while concentrations of 0.08 g l−1 and An. gambiae were used for other infections (isolates C and D)