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Fig. 1a–d | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 1a–d

From: Granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells inhibit T follicular helper cells during experimental Schistosoma japonicum infection

Fig. 1a–d

Kinetics of T helper type 1 (Th1), Th2 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in Schistosoma japonicum infection. Each mouse was infected with 20 cercariae of S. japonicum and five mice were sacrificed at 0 (before infection), 3, 5, 8 and 13 weeks post-infection. Splenocytes were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin (Sigma-Aldrich) in the presence of brefeldin A in complete Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium for 6 h. Cells were stained with anti-CD3 PE-cy5.5 and anti-CD4 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and were then intracellularly stained with anti-IFN-γ PE, anti-IL-4 PE or isotype IgG2a control antibody for the analysis of Th1 or Th2 cells. Single-cell suspensions of splenocytes were stained with anti-CD3 PE-cy5.5, anti-CD4 FITC, anti-CXCR5 allophycocyanin (APC) or isotype IgG2a control antibody for Tfh cells. All of the values were gated on CD3+CD4+ cells. a Kinetics of the percentages of Tfh cells amongst total CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens determined using flow cytometry. b Kinetics of the percentage of Th1 amongst total CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens determined using flow cytometry. c Kinetics of percentage of Th2 amongst total CD4+ T cells from mouse spleens determined using flow cytometry. d Comparison of the dynamics of Th1/Th2/Tfh in mice infected with S. japonicum. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD of 25 mice from three independent experiments

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