Fig. 5

Macro-geographic variation in pathogen prevalence in ectoparasites isolated from dogs. Percentages of pools of ticks collected from dogs that were infected with one of the common tick-borne (gray shading) and flea-borne (red and blue) pathogens (overall prevalence > 5%; see Table  6). For each pathogen, the same letters above columns indicate that the the contrast between countries is not statistically different from zero