Table 1 Species of Babesia reported in Dermacentor spp.
Country | Reference | Dermacentor species (n) | Babesia spp. prevalence | Species of Babesia, number of isolates, prevalence (%) | Species identification method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Hodžić et al. [155] | Dermacentor reticulatus (128) | 10% | Babesia canis, 9 (7%) | PCR sequencing |
Babesia vulpes, 4 (3%) | |||||
Austria | Leschnik et al. [161] | D. reticulatusa (12) | 16.7% | B. canis, 2 (16.7%) | PCR sequencing |
Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, UK | Sprong et al. [162] | D. reticulatus (1741) | 0.9% | B. canis, 16 (0.9%) | PCR sequencing |
Belgium, the Netherlands | Jongejan et al. [139] | D. reticulatus (855) | 1.9% | B. canis, 14 (1.6%) | PCR sequencing |
Babesia caballi, 2 (0.2%) | |||||
France | Bonnet et al. [140] | Dermacentor marginatus (377) | 0.6% | Babesia bovis, 1 (0.3%) | PCR-RLB for selected Babesia species |
Babesia/Theileria spp., 1 (0.3%) | |||||
D. reticulatus (74) | 0% | - | |||
Germany | Galfsky et al. [50] | D. reticulatus (30) | 3.3% | Babesia capreoli, 1 (3.3%) | PCR sequencing |
Germany | Silaghi et al. [163] | D. reticulatus (301) | 0.3% | B. canis, 1 (0.3%) | PCR sequencing |
Hungary | Hornok et al. [164] | D. reticulatus (413) | 8.2% | B. canis, 34 (8.2%) | PCR sequencing |
Lithuania and Latvia | Radzijevskaja et al. [67] | D. reticulatus (2440) | 1.3% | B. canis, 17 | PCR sequencing |
Babesia venatorum, 1 | |||||
Poland | Bajer et al. [131] | D. reticulatus (29) | 3.4% | B. canis, 1 (3.4%) | PCR sequencing |
Poland | Mierzejewska et al. [137] | D. reticulatus (2585) | 4.2% (108) | B. canis, 57 | PCR sequencing |
Babesia microti Munich, 1 | |||||
Poland | Wojcik-Fatla et al. [165] | D. reticulatus (468) | 4.5% | B. microti Munich, 21 (4.5%) | PCR sequencing |
Poland | Wojcik-Fatla et al. [74] | D. reticulatus (582) | 2.7% | B. microti, 12 (2.1%) | PCR sequencing |
B. canis, 4 (0.7%) | |||||
Romania | Corduneanu et al. [166] | D. reticulatus (75 in 15 pools) | 8% MIR | B. canis, 6 (8% MIR) | PCR sequencing |
Russia | Rar et al. [167] | D. reticulatus (81) | 3.6% | B. canis, 3 (3.6%) | PCR sequencing |
Slovakia | Majláthová et al. [168] | D. reticulatus (326) | 36% | B. canis, 5 | PCR sequencing |
Slovakia | Svehlová et al. [80] | D. reticulatus (600) | 1.8% | B. canis, 11 (1.8%) | PCR sequencing |
Slovenia | Duh et al. [169] | D. reticulatus (100) | 1% | B. canis, 1 (1%) | PCR sequencing |
Spain | Garcia-Sanmartin et al. [125] | D. reticulatus (97) | 5% | B. canis, 1 (1%) | PCR-RLB |
B. caballi, 1 (1%) | |||||
B. caballi-like, 2 (2%) | |||||
Babesia bigemina, 1 (1%) | |||||
Babesia divergens, 2 (2%) | |||||
Switzerland | Schaarschmidt et al. [88] | D. reticulatus (23) | 39% | B. canis, 9 (39%) | PCR sequencing |
Ukraine | Karbowiak et al. [170] | D. reticulatus (205) | 3.4% | B. canis, 4 | PCR sequencing |
Ukraine | Rogovskyy et al. [90] | D. reticulatus (98) | 4% | B. canis, 1 (1%) | PCR sequencing |
Babesia odocoilei-like, 3 (3%) | |||||
USA | Swei et al. [144] | Dermacentor albipictus (471 questing larvae) | 7.2% | Babesia duncani (2 strains: WA1 And BH3), 34 (7.2%) | PCR sequencing |
China | Abdallah et al. [171] | Dermacentor silvarum (84) | 4.8% | Babesia motasi-like, 3 (3.6%) | RLB, PCR sequencing |
Babesia sp. Xinjiang, 1 (1.2%) | |||||
Mongolia | Battsetseg et al. [153] | Dermacentor nuttalli (108 = 54 pools) | 6.5% MIR | B. caballi, 7 (6.5% MIR) | Species-specific PCR |