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Table 1 Incidence of risk and protective factors for COVID-19 in men and women

From: Toxoplasmosis is a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19 in the Czech and Slovak population: a preregistered exploratory internet cross-sectional study

 

Women

Men

OR

CI95

P

No COVID

COVID

No COVID

COVID

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

Toxoplasmosis

563

18.3

81

23.9

115

12.1

27

20.6

1.50

1.19–1.89

0.0007

Borreliosis

410

19.9

57

24.3

108

14.6

17

17.0

1.27

0.96–1.68

0.0881

Rh-positivity

1953

76.4

219

76.3

490

75.9

61

74.4

0.98

0.76–1.26

0.8854

A blood group

989

37.3

123

41.1

236

34.1

33

35.9

1.16

0.93–1.44

0.1795

B blood group

568

21.4

50

16.7

156

22.5

22

23.9

0.82

0.62–1.07

0.1368

AB blood group

247

9.3

34

11.4

91

13.1

13

14.1

1.19

0.86–1.65

0.2929

O blood group

850

32.0

92

30.8

210

30.3

24

26.1

0.91

0.73–1.15

0.4396

Being overweight

739

35.1

90

31.0

258

42.6

35

33.0

0.74

0.57–0.95

0.0169

Diabetes

75

3.6

7

2.4

28

4.6

8

7.6

0.96

0.52–1.76

0.8921

Cardiovascular problems

131

6.2

16

5.5

65

10.7

9

8.5

0.81

0.50–1.30

0.3820

Asthma

1846

87.7

256

88.3

544

89.9

89

84.0

1.13

0.80–1.59

0.4908

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

49

2.3

5

1.7

16

2.6

2

1.9

0.67

0.27–1.63

0.3737

Immunosuppression

289

13.7

40

13.8

52

8.6

9

8.5

1.00

0.70–1.42

0.9929

Allergy

548

26.0

77

26.6

150

24.8

28

26.4

1.06

0.81–1.37

0.6798

Autoimmunity

168

14.4

25

11.6

26

8.7

6

9.1

0.75

0.45–1.24

0.2545

Living alone

285

9.3

28

8.3

160

16.9

23

17.6

0.96

0.70–1.32

0.8027

Tobacco smoking

415

19.7

54

18.6

148

24.5

23

21.7

0.89

0.66–1.19

0.4341

Marijuana consumption

56

2.7

6

2.1

40

6.6

14

13.2

1.49

0.88–2.53

0.1367

Daily alcohol consumption

126

6.0

16

5.5

97

16.0

14

13.2

0.86

0.55–1.33

0.4887

Frequent singing

269

12.8

39

13.5

50

8.3

14

13.2

1.21

0.87–1.70

0.2612

Sport

620

29.5

92

31.7

274

45.3

60

56.6

1.30

1.03–1.65

0.0300

Cold water swimming

205

9.7

37

12.8

102

16.9

19

17.9

1.32

0.95–1.84

0.0989

Frequent sauna use

94

8.0

20

9.3

37

12.4

8

12.1

1.16

0.70–1.93

0.5558

Vitamins and supplements

753

35.8

133

45.9

289

47.8

60

56.6

0.62

0.49–0.78

0.0001

Wearing glasses

1101

60.4

169

61.9

371

67.8

67

66.3

0.96

0.75–1.24

0.7723

Dog-keeping

365

44.2

78

49.4

93

51.1

21

45.7

0.82

0.56–1.18

0.282

Cat-keeping

381

46.1

82

51.9

82

45.1

17

37.0

1.16

0.80–1.68

0.4303

  1. The last four columns show the results of logistic regression with COVID-19 infection as a dependent variable; age, sex, and size of the place of residence as covariates; and one of risk/protective factors listed in the first column as the independent variable. Results shown in bold were significant after correction for multiple tests
  2. CI95 means 95% confidence interval and OR odds ratio
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