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Table 2 Correlation between various risk/protective factors and severity of COVID-19

From: Toxoplasmosis is a risk factor for acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection and a severe course of COVID-19 in the Czech and Slovak population: a preregistered exploratory internet cross-sectional study

 

All

Women

Men

Toxo-free

Toxo-infected

Tau

P

Tau

P

Tau

P

Tau

P

Tau

P

Sex

0.116

0.0002

na

na

na

na

0.112

0.0017

0.095

0.1713

Age

0.093

0.0032

0.124

0.0010

0.025

0.6763

0.066

0.0654

0.137

0.0494

Size of place of residence

0.009

0.7815

−0.002

0.9575

0.039

0.5093

0.000

0.9895

0.065

0.3477

Toxoplasmosis

0.146

0.0000

0.150

0.0001

0.123

0.0376

na

na

na

na

Borreliosis

0.094

0.0123

0.120

0.0088

0.030

0.6529

0.010

0.8146

0.212

0.0301

Rh-positivity

0.036

0.3097

0.035

0.3929

0.064

0.3950

0.022

0.5941

0.098

0.2112

A blood group

0.019

0.5892

0.000

0.9945

0.079

0.2715

0.032

0.4210

−0.052

0.4932

B blood group

−0.008

0.8101

−0.010

0.7940

0.009

0.8991

0.012

0.7680

−0.069

0.3606

AB blood group

0.021

0.5371

0.093

0.0210

−0.160

0.0254

−0.002

0.9586

0.080

0.2909

O blood group

−0.028

0.4278

−0.050

0.2142

0.031

0.6694

−0.043

0.2834

0.048

0.5260

Being overweight

0.104

0.0012

0.107

0.0052

0.116

0.0558

0.089

0.0147

0.140

0.0505

Diabetes

0.004

0.8922

−0.021

0.5777

0.038

0.5301

0.019

0.5929

−0.022

0.7602

Cardiovascular problems

0.063

0.0514

0.063

0.0985

0.075

0.2194

0.049

0.1762

0.170

0.0174

Asthma

0.052

0.1055

0.036

0.3496

0.094

0.1233

0.039

0.2815

0.133

0.0630

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

0.072

0.0252

0.073

0.0583

0.080

0.1853

0.013

0.7220

0.219

0.0022

Immunodeficiency

0.135

0.0000

0.141

0.0002

0.116

0.0558

0.160

0.0000

0.067

0.3472

Allergy

−0.015

0.6453

−0.011

0.7829

−0.025

0.6809

−0.028

0.4376

0.025

0.7235

Autoimmunity

0.137

0.0004

0.146

0.0011

0.112

0.1590

0.074

0.0874

0.254

0.0048

Living alone

0.034

0.2794

0.092

0.0151

−0.061

0.2999

0.030

0.3960

0.073

0.2990

Tobacco smoking

0.061

0.0576

0.045

0.2454

0.090

0.1364

0.082

0.0239

0.006

0.9351

Marijuana consumption

−0.001

0.9777

−0.082

0.0330

0.081

0.1800

0.057

0.1207

−0.195

0.0065

Daily alcohol consumption

−0.039

0.2311

−0.094

0.0138

0.067

0.2677

−0.055

0.1279

0.035

0.6289

Frequent singing

−0.032

0.3162

−0.060

0.1153

0.056

0.3553

−0.053

0.1459

−0.001

0.9861

Sport

−0.092

0.0044

−0.112

0.0036

−0.056

0.3543

−0.116

0.0015

−0.028

0.6944

Cold water swimming

−0.047

0.1447

−0.041

0.2851

−0.055

0.3614

−0.062

0.0883

−0.041

0.5691

Frequent use of sauna

−0.036

0.3550

−0.040

0.3731

−0.037

0.6432

−0.009

0.8280

−0.177

0.0491

Vitamins and supplements

−0.047

0.1425

−0.029

0.4437

−0.087

0.1499

−0.068

0.0628

0.034

0.6329

Wearing glasses

−0.033

0.3244

0.005

0.9037

−0.131

0.0346

−0.003

0.9346

−0.069

0.3559

Current dog-keeping

0.004

0.9321

0.015

0.7737

−0.042

0.6694

0.049

0.3497

−0.120

0.2637

Current cat-keeping

0.107

0.0203

0.123

0.0194

0.058

0.5549

0.084

0.1052

0.153

0.1544

  1. The table shows effect size and significance, i.e. partial Kendall Tau and P-values. The effect of sex was controlled for age and size of place of residence, the effect of age for sex and size of place of residence, and size of place of residence for sex and age; all other effects were controlled for all three covariates. Positive Tau indicates a more severe course of COVID in participants reporting the factor listed in the first column. The results in bold were significant after correction for multiple tests. In the smaller group of men, all factors lost their significance after correction for multiple tests, but observed Tau values showed that the effects in men were generally stronger than those in women