Insecticide resistance to insect growth regulators, avermectins, spinosyns and diamides in Culex quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia

Hafez, Abdulwahab M.; Abbas, Naeem

doi:10.1186/s13071-021-05068-8

Table 2 Resistance to insect growth regulators in Culex quinquefasciatus larva populations from Riyadh city

From: Insecticide resistance to insect growth regulators, avermectins, spinosyns and diamides in Culex quinquefasciatus in Saudi Arabia

Insecticide	Population^a	n	Concentration (µg/ml)	LC₅₀ (95% FL) (mg/ml)	Slope ± SE	χ²	df	P	RR
Cyromazine	SUS	240	0.0010–0.0156	0.003 (0.002–0.004)	1.78 ± 0.25	0.66	3	0.88	1.00
	ISH	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.010 (0.008–0.013)	1.84 ± 0.26	3.27	3	0.35	3.33
	SUW	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.064 (0.037–0.222)	0.99 ± 0.24	0.73	3	0.87	21.33
	GHN	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.048 (0.024–0.476)	0.65 ± 0.22	0.38	3	0.94	16.00
	MSF	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.013 (0.008–0.019)	1.04 ± 0.22	0.68	3	0.88	4.33
	MSN	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.011 (0.005–0.018)	0.80 ± 0.22	0.61	3	0.89	3.67
	NKL	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.016 (0.012–0.022)	1.45 ± 0.23	0.95	3	0.81	5.33
	WSH	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.007 (0.001–0.015)	0.60 ± 0.21	0.13	3	0.99	2.33
	IRQ	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.021 (0.013–0.045)	0.80 ± 0.22	0.04	3	1.00	7.00
Diflubenzuron	SUS	240	0.0001–0.0020	0.0003 (0.0002–0.0004)	1.37 ± 0.23	0.99	3	0.80	1.00
	ISH	240	0.0020–0.0313	0.004 (0.003–0.005)	1.90 ± 0.27	5.56	3	0.14	13.33
	SUW	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.009 (0.007–0.011)	2.30 ± 0.30	3.08	3	0.38	30.00
	GHN	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.006 (0.004–0.008)	1.59 ± 0.26	1.62	3	0.65	20.00
	MSF	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.004 (0.002–0.007)	1.15 ± 0.25	1.49	3	0.68	13.33
	MSN	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.005 (0.002–0.007)	1.42 ± 0.26	1.50	3	0.68	16.67
	NKL	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.003 (0.001–0.006)	1.18 ± 0.25	3.38	3	0.34	10.00
	WSH	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.013 (0.010–0.017)	1.80 ± 0.25	0.34	3	0.95	43.33
	IRQ	240	0.0039–0.0625	0.005 (0.004–0.007)	2.28 ± 0.35	3.07	3	0.38	16.67
Triflumuron	SUS	240	0.00003–0.0005	0.0002 (0.0001–0.0002)	1.81 ± 0.33	1.76	3	0.62	1.00
	ISH	240	0.00002–0.0002	0.0001 (0.00004–0.0001)	1.90 ± 0.26	1.85	3	0.60	0.50
	SUW	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.002 (0.000–0.007)	0.51 ± 0.21	1.58	3	0.66	10.00
	GHN	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.0006 (0.0003–0.0009)	1.51 ± 0.29	4.56	3	0.21	3.00
	MSF	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.001 (0.000–0.001)	1.04 ± 0.24	0.12	3	0.99	5.00
	MSN	240	0.0005–0.0039	0.002 (0.001–0.003)	1.25 ± 0.31	1.08	2	0.78	10.00
	NKL	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.001 (0.001–0.002)	1.46 ± 0.24	4.21	3	0.24	5.00
	WSH	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.003 (0.002–0.004)	1.28 ± 0.23	2.29	3	0.51	15.00
	IRQ	240	0.0005–0.0078	0.001 (0.001–0.002)	0.78 ± 0.22	0.31	3	0.96	5.00

^aSee Table 1 for the full names of each study population/study location
FL, fiducial limits; LC₅₀, median lethal concentration; n, number of larvae exposed in each bioassay; SE, standard error; RR, resistance ratio (LC₅₀ of insecticide for the field population/LC₅₀ of insecticide for the susceptible strain)

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