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Table 1 Type of phenology for Ixodes ricinus ticks in different countries in Europe

From: Beech tree masting explains the inter-annual variation in the fall and spring peaks of Ixodes ricinus ticks with different time lags

Phenology

Country

Region

Studies

Unimodal

United Kingdom

Powys

[43]

Unimodal

Sweden

Bogesund

[44]

Unimodal

Switzerland

Chaumont Mountain

[45, 46]

Unimodal

Netherlands

 

[47]

Bimodal

Ireland

County Wicklow

[48]

Bimodal

Sweden

Bogesund

[44]

Bimodal

Russia

Crimea

[41]

Bimodal

Switzerland

Chaumont Mountain, Salins

[45, 46, 49,50,51,52]

Bimodal

United Kingdom

Exmoor National Park, Mynydd Mallaen, Dorset

[53]

Bimodal

Spain

Rioja region

[54]

Bimodal

Czech Republic

Prague

[55]

Bimodal

Finland

Seili, Jyväskylä

[56, 57]

Bimodal

Germany

Haselmuehl

[58]

Bimodal

Austria

Vienna

[59]

  1. Ixodes ricinus ticks (nymphs and adults) have either a unimodal or bimodal phenology. The phenology is shown for different countries and regions in Europe. The decision of whether the phenology was unimodal or bimodal in Table 1 was based on whether the authors of the study identified the phenology as either unimodal or bimodal in the article