|
Treatment
|
Location
|
Immature stage
|
Female
|
Male
|
|---|
| | |
N pupae
|
Mean ± SE†
|
N
|
Mean ± SE†
|
N
|
Mean ± SE†
|
|---|
|
Tap water + food
| | | | | | |
| |
Shaded
|
141
|
6.0 ± 0.1 a
|
33
|
8.5 ± 0.1 a
|
27
|
8.6 ± 0.2 a
|
| |
Half-shaded
|
141
|
6.0 ± 0.1 a
|
36
|
8.0 ± 0.2 ab
|
43
|
8.3 ± 0.2 a
|
| |
Indoor
|
147
|
5.2 ± 0.1 b
|
63
|
7.6 ± 0.1 b
|
69
|
6.9 ± 0.1 b
|
|
Habitat water
| | | | | | |
| |
Shaded
|
13
|
28.6 ± 2.4 a
|
2
|
29.5 ± 7.5a
|
2
|
29.0 ± 8.0
|
| |
Half-shaded
|
42
|
25.4 ± 1.8 a
|
18
|
27.8 ± 2.6a
|
13
|
29.5 ± 2.4
|
| |
Indoor
|
10
|
24.3 ± 3.5 a
|
2
|
33.0 ± 2.0a
|
1
|
36.0
|
|
Habitat water + food
| | | | | | |
| |
Shaded
|
125
|
7.5 ± 0.1 a
|
61
|
11.6 ± 0.2 a
|
62
|
11.6 ± 0.2 a
|
| |
Half-shaded
|
144
|
7.2 ± 0.1 a
|
68
|
12.2 ± 0.2 a
|
74
|
11.2 ± 0.2 a
|
| |
Indoor
|
132
|
6.3 ± 0.1 b
|
66
|
10.0 ± 0.2 b
|
68
|
9.2 ± 0.2 b
|
- N: number of emerged females or males. Development times of females and males for the habitat water without added food treatment were not compared due to the small number of individuals
- †Tukey HSD comparison of development time among the three settings for the same treatment. Numbers connected with different (same) letters indicate significant (non-significant) differences among the three settings. Comparison was not done for male development time for habitat water experiments because only one male emerged in indoor experiments
