From: Spatial distribution and risk factors for human cysticercosis in Colombia
Covariate | Level | Number (%) of respondents | Total number (%; 95% CI) of positive respondents |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||
Sex | Male | 9227 (31.54) | 809 (8.77; 8.20–9.36) |
Female | 20,026 (68.46) | 1967 (9.82; 9.41–10.20) | |
Age groups (years) | 2–10 | 972 (3.32) | 76 (7.82; 6.21–9.69) |
11–20 | 3583 (12.25) | 337 (9.41; 8.47–10.4) | |
21–30 | 6558 (22.42) | 641 (9.78; 9.07–10.50) | |
31–40 | 6359 (21.74) | 617 (9.70; 8.99–10.50) | |
41–50 | 5927 (20.26) | 578 (9.76; 9.01–10.50) | |
51–60 | 4398 (15.03) | 409 (9.30; 8.46–10.20) | |
61–64 | 1456 (4.98) | 117 (8.04; 6.70–9.56) | |
Residence | Rural | 6455 (22.07) | 764 (11.80; 11.00–12.60) |
Urban | 22,798 (77.93) | 2011 (8.83; 8.46–9.20) | |
Education level | Education higher than secondary | 3862 (13.20) | 296 (7.67; 6.85–8.55) |
Partial/complete secondary education | 13,405 (45.82) | 1190 (8.88; 8.40–9.37) | |
Partial/complete primary education | 10,615 (36.29) | 1113 (10.5; 9.91–11.10) | |
No education | 1371 (4.69) | 176 (12.8; 11.10–14.70) | |
Occupation | Other occupations | 844 (6.17) | 125 (6.93; 5.80–8.20) |
Self-employed | 4340 (14.84) | 325 (7.49; 6.72–8.31) | |
Employee | 4367 (14.93) | 374 (8.56; 7.75–9.43) | |
Farm coordinator | 135 (0.46) | 12 (8.89; 4.68–15.00) | |
Farm labourer | 720 (2.46) | 65 (9.03; 7.04–11.40) | |
Student | 3538 (12.09) | 322 (9.10; 8.18–10.10) | |
Housewife/houseman | 13,005 (44.46) | 1313 (10.1; 9.58–10.6) | |
Businessman | 499 (1.71) | 53 (10.6; 8.06–13.7) | |
Farm owner | 1805 (2.89) | 186 (22.00; 19.30–25.00) | |
Socioeconomic status (stratum) | ≥ 4 | 581 (1.99) | 26 (4.48; 2.94–6.49) |
3 | 3743 (12.80) | 176 (4.70; 4.05–5.43) | |
2 | 10,166 (34.75) | 706 (6.95; 6.46–7.46) | |
1 | 14,465 (49.45) | 1715 (11.90; 11.30–12.40) | |
Displaced people | 298 (1.02) | 152 (51.00; 45.20–56.80) | |
Eating habits | |||
Pork consumption & cooking level | No consumption | 3328 (11.38) | 416 (12.50; 11.40–13.70) |
Well cooked; < once per month | 12,744 (43.56) | 1203 (9.44; 8.94–9.96) | |
Well cooked; once per month | 5789 (19.79) | 561 (9.69; 8.94–10.5) | |
Well cooked; once per week | 3419 (11.69) | 293 (8.57; 7.65–9.56) | |
Well cooked; > once per week | 1549 (5.29) | 127 (8.20; 6.88–9.68) | |
Partially cooked/raw; < once per month | 1320 (4.51) | 96 (7.27; 5.93–8.81) | |
Partially cooked/raw; once per month | 436 (1.49) | 32 (7.34; 5.07–10.2) | |
Partially cooked/raw; once per week | 410 (1.40) | 26 (6.33; 4.17–9.13) | |
Partially cooked/raw; > once per week | 265 (0.91) | 21 (7.92; 4.97–11.9) | |
Water source | Well/ cistern | 2738 (9.36) | 190 (6.94; 6.02–7.96) |
Aqueduct | 19,485 (66.61) | 1401 (7.19; 6.83–7.56) | |
Waterway | 4904 (16.77) | 564 (11.50; 10.60–12.5) | |
Other sources | 574 (1.96) | 132 (23.00; 19.60–26.70) | |
Rain water | 1554 (5.31) | 488 (31.40; 29.10–33.70) | |
Hygiene practices | |||
Washing vegetables | No consumption | 82 (0.28) | 8 (9.76; 4.31–18.30) |
Always | 7304 (24.97) | 588 (8.05; 7.43–8.69) | |
Occasionally | 10,664 (36.46) | 1461 (13.7; 13.00–14.30) | |
Never | 11,166 (38.17) | 718 (6.43; 5.98–6.90) | |
Washing hands before a meal | Always | 12,925 (44.18) | 1171 (9.06; 8.58–9.57) |
Occasionally | 14,950 (51.11) | 1489 (9.96; 9.48–10.40) | |
Never | 1376 (4.70) | 115 (8.36; 6.95–9.95) | |
Elimination of excreta | Sanitary conditions | 20,401 (69.74) | 1526 (7.48; 7.12–7.85) |
In waterway | 543 (1.86) | 50 (9.21; 6.91–12.00) | |
Latrine with well | 6403 (21.89) | 862 (12.9; 12.1–13.7) | |
Latrine without well | 519 (1.78) | 67 (12.9; 10.1–16.1) | |
Open field | 1084 (3.71) | 270 (24.9; 22.3–27.5) | |
Owning animals | |||
Cattle | Not owning | 27,947 (95.54) | 2641 (9.45; 9.11–9.80) |
Owning | 1301 (4.45) | 134 (10.3; 8.74–12.1) | |
Cats | Not owning | 23,590 (80.64) | 2208 (9.36; 8.99–9.74) |
Owning | 5670 (19.38) | 567 (10.0; 9.26–10.8) | |
Dogs | Not owning | 16,194 (55.36) | 1349 (8.33; 7.91–8.77) |
Owning | 13,083 (44.72) | 1426 (10.9; 10.4–11.5) | |
Birds | Not owning | 20,213 (69.10) | 1799 (8.90; 8.51–9.30) |
Owning | 9037 (30.89) | 976 (10.80; 10.20–11.50) | |
Pigs | Not owing | 26,105 (89.24) | 2386 (9.14; 8.80–9.50) |
Owning ≤ 10 pigs | 2705 (9.25) | 349 (12.9; 11.70–14.30) | |
Owning > 10 pigs | 460 (1.57) | 40 (8.70; 6.28–11.7) |