Transgenesis in parasitic helminths: a brief history and prospects for the future

Quinzo, M. J.; Perteguer, M. J.; Brindley, P. J.; Loukas, A.; Sotillo, J.

doi:10.1186/s13071-022-05211-z

Parasites & Vectors

Table 1 First and key examples of transgenesis in nematodes, trematodes and cestodes of human and veterinary impact, the gene targeted and the methodology used

From: Transgenesis in parasitic helminths: a brief history and prospects for the future

Three groups of parasitic intestinal helminths	Species	Plasmid				RNAi				CRISPR
Three groups of parasitic intestinal helminths	Species	Method	Gene	Date	References	Method	Gene	Date	References	Method	Gene	Date	References
Nematodes	Ascaris suum	Biolistics	luciferase	1999	[16]	Soaking	enolase	2011	[54]
	Haemonchus contortus					Soaking	H11 aminopeptidase	2011	[53]
	Trichostrongylus colubriformis	Soaking	ubiquitin	2005	[66]	Bacteria feeding	tropomyosin	2005	[66]
	T. colubriformis	Electroporation	ubiquitin	2005	[66]
	Brugia malayi	Biolistics	GFP	2002	[17]	Soaking	β-tubulin	2003	[52]	Lipofection	GFP	2020	[84]
	B. malayi	Microinjection	GFP	2002	[17]
	B. malayi	Chemical transfectant	luciferase	2011	[45]
	Strongyloides stercoralis	Microinjection	GFP	2002	[18]					Microinjection	unc-22	2017	[79]
	S. stercoralis	Microinjection	GFP	2006	[30]					Liposomes + Microinjection	collagen	2019	[83]
	S. stercoralis	Microinjection	GFP	2013	[39]
	Strongyloides ratti	Microinjection	GFP	2011	[37]					Microinjection	unc-22	2017	[79]
	S. ratti	Microinjection	GFP	2012	[38]
	S. ratti	Microinjection	T cell epitope	2021	[21]
	Nippostrongylus brasiliensis					Soaking	AChE B	2002	[51]
	N. brasiliensis					Viral vector	β-tubulin/Ache B	2021	[75]
	Parastrongyloides trichosuri	Microinjection	GFP	2006	[35]
Trematodes	Schistosoma mansoni	Biolistics	luciferase	1999	[16]	Electroporation	cathepsin B	2005	23]	Viral vector	omega-1	2019	[86]
	S. mansoni	Viral vector	luciferase	2006	[42]	Viral vector	omega-1	2014	[73]	Electroporation	omega-1	2019	[86]
	S. mansoni	Viral vector	luciferase	2008	[46]					Electroporation	AChEs	2021	[22]
	S. mansoni	Viral vector	luciferase	2012	[47]					Electroporation	SULT-OR	2021	[94]
	S. mansoni	Electroporation + viral vector	luciferase	2010	[43]
	S. mansoni	Biolistics	cathepsins ORF-GFP	2010	[32]
	S. mansoni	Electroporation	cathepsins ORF-GFP	2010	[32]
	S. mansoni	Chemical transfectant	mCherry	2013	[44]
	S. mansoni	Viral vector	HIV-1 genes	2016	[92]
	Schistosoma japonicum					Soaking	gynecophoral Canal Protein	2005	[55]
	S. japonicum					Microinjection	cathepsin B1	2018	[71]
	Opisthorchis viverrini					Electroporation	cathepsin B	2011	[61]	Electroporation	granulin	2019	[20]
	O. viverrini					Electroporation + Soaking	tetraspanins	2012	[60]
	Fasciola hepatica					Soaking	cathepsin B & L	2008	[56]
	F. hepatica					Electroporation + Soaking	Leucine aminopeptidase	2014	[61]
Cestodes	Moniezia expansa					Electroporation + Soaking	actin	2010	[59]
	Echinococcus multilocularis	Bacterial vector	CFP	2008	[31]	Soaking	elp	2010	[62]
	E. multilocularis					Electroporation	elp	2010	[62]
	Hymenolepis microstoma					Soaking	Hox	2013	[63]
	Taenia crassiceps	Microinjection	GFP	2015	[33]

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ISSN: 1756-3305

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