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Table 3 Commercial anthelmintic drugs and their activity at different concentrations for each Haemonchus contortus assay

From: Sensitivity of Haemonchus contortus to anthelmintics using different in vitro screening assays: a comparative study

Drug concentration (µM)

% of motility on xL3s (average ± SEM)a

% of L4 development (average ± SEM)b

Adult stage motility score (average ± SEM)a

Ivermectin

1

25.8 ± 11.6c

1.4 ± 2.7d

0.7 ± 0.5e

0.1

106.0 ± 21.7

37.0 ± 9.5d

0.6 ± 0.2e

0.01

104.9 ± 23.5

66.9 ± 20.7

0.7 ± 0.4e

0.001

NT

86.7 ± 21.4

0.8 ± 0.3e

0.0001

NT

NT

1.3 ± 0.1e

Levamisole

50

0.6 ± 1.6c

0.0 ± 0.0d

NT

5

72.6 ± 13.4

8.9 ± 3.7d

0.0 ± 0.0e

0.5

128.1 ± 25.6

89.5 ± 3.1

0.0 ± 0.0e

0.005

NT

NT

1.9 ± 0.2

0.0005

NT

NT

2.8 ± 0.1

Monepantel

2

3.5 ± 3.7c

4.0 ± 1.1d

0.3 ± 0.2e

0.2

9.3 ± 7.1c

20.1 ± 18.0d

0.7 ± 0.2e

0.02

127.2 ± 26.3

85.5 ± 20.5

1.0 ± 0.2e

0.002

NT

NT

2.2 ± 0.1

Albendazole sulfoxide

36

37.5 ± 14.5c

0.0 ± 0.0d

1.0 ± 0.0e

3.6

56.4 ± 13.5c

1.9 ± 2.1d

1.4 ± 0.3e

0.36

134.8 ± 27.5

55.1 ± 16.9d

1.3 ± 0.2e

0.036

116.2 ± 20.2

74.5 ± 15.4

2.3 ± 0.0

  1. Bold numbers indicate that the drug was active at the concentration tested
  2. aMeasured at 72 h of drug exposure
  3. bMeasured at 7 days of drug exposure
  4. NT not tested
  5. cMotility was significantly different from motility of DMSO control (P < 0.05) (see “Statistical analysis” section for further details)
  6. dDevelopment was significantly different from development of DMSO control (P < 0.05)) (see “Statistical analysis” section for further details)
  7. eMotility score of a compound at 72 h time point ≤ 1.5 is considered active[19]