Relationship between temperature and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and expression of metabolic enzymes

Table 3 Knockdown resistance ratio of An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes (Tiassalé strain) at different rearing temperature regimes

Insecticide	Temperature regime (°C)	Test population (Tiassalé) KDT₅₀ [95% CI]	Reference strain (Kisumu) KDT₅₀ [95% CI]	KRR	Resistance status
Deltamethrin	25	40.18 [38.22, 42.23]	16.02 [15.12, 16.94]	2.51	Low resistance
	28	32.33 [30.76, 33.88]	16.35 [15.45, 17.27]	1.98	Low resistance
	30	28.02 [24.84, 31.36]	15.68 [14.63, 16.71]	1.79	Low resistance
	32	22.85 [21.37, 24.36]	15.44 [14.33, 16.52]	1.48	Low resistance
Permethrin	25	888.70 [224.30, 7,113,093.45]	17.32 [15.83, 17.92]	51.31	High resistance
	28	63.26 [56.06, 74.90]	16.34 [15.47, 17.23]	3.87	Low resistance
	30	60.57 [55.03, 69.18]	16.88 [17.71, 20.26]	3.59	Low resistance
	32	59.29 [52.81, 69.25]	14.39 [13.47, 15.29]	4.12	Low resistance

KDT knockdown time, KRR knockdown resistance ratio, CI confidence interval, KDT₅₀ and 95% CI were obtained using Probit analysis; KRR₅₀ < 1 = susceptible, 1–10 = low resistance, 11–30 = moderate resistance, 31–100 = high resistance, and KRR₅₀ > 100 = very high resistance

ISSN: 1756-3305