Fig. 1

Effect of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-α) on egg-laying in Schistosoma mansoni. a Box plots showing the number of eggs laid by paired worms treated with hTNF-α (at 5, 20 and 40 ng/ml) and the respective control (Ctrl) on each of the 5 days of experimentation. b Total number of eggs laid over the 5-day treatment period for each treatment condition. c Box plots of egg-laying half-life (days) for each treatment condition. Outliers are shown by dots. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.001, *** P < 0.0001