Fig. 1

YEOO in larval killing bioassay. Each larval killing bioassay was performed with 25 L3, which were placed in a plastic cup containing 100 ml deionized water and the appropriate concentration of YEOO larvicide for 24 h. a Aedes aegypti strain Liverpool (AAE-L), b Ae. aegypti strain Washington DC (AAE-DC). Mortality was assessed using the logistic procedure in GraphPad Prism 8 software. Dose–response curves were plotted with nonlinear regression best fit with the means and SEM of each concentration tested. LC₅₀ (red dotted line) and LC₉₀ (blue dotted line) are shown. A minimum of two and up to eight replicates (N) were performed for each concentration tested. Abbreviations: LC₅₀, LC₉₀, lethal concentration/dosage leading to 50% and 90% mortality; L3, third-stage larva; SEM, standard error of the mean; YEOO, yeast-encapsulated orange oil