From: Seropositivity of main vector-borne pathogens in dogs across Europe
Country | Anaplasma spp. | Ehrlichia spp. | Borrelia burgdorferi | Dirofilaria immitis | Leishmania spp. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive % of tests (95% CI) | |||||
 Andorra | 2.7% (187; 0.9–6.1%) | 2.1% (187; 0.6–5.4%) | 0.0% (187; 0.0–2.0%) | 2.1% (187; 0.6–5.4%) | – |
 Austria | 17.3% (4572; 16.2–18.4%) | 2.5% (4572; 2.0–3.0%) | 6.1% (4572; 5.4–6.9%) | 1.9% (4578; 1.6–2.4%) | – |
 Belgium | 4.5% (772; 3.2–6.2%) | 2.8% (772; 1.8–4.3%) | 3.0% (772; 1.9–4.4%) | 1.5% (843; 0.8–2.6%) | – |
 Bosnia and | 21.4% (3671; | 1.1% (3671; | 2.2% (3671; | 1.0% (3698; | 11.0% (172; |
 Herzegovina | 20.1–22.7%) | 0.8–1.5%) | 1.7–2.7%) | 0.7–1.4%) | 6.8–16.7%) |
 Croatia | 7.4% (2417; 6.4–8.5%) | 1.4% (2417; 0.9–1.9%) | 0.4% (2417; 0.2–0.7%) | 2.6% (2417; 2.0–3.3%) | 7.0% (1761; 5.9–8.3%) |
 Czech Republic | 19.3% (6238; 18.3–20.3%) | 1.5% (6238; 1.2–1.8%) | 7.6% (6238; 7.0–8.3%) | 0.2% (6244; 0.1–0.4%) | – |
 Denmark | 7.7% (7784; 7.1–8.3%) | 0.3% (7784; 0.2–0.5%) | 4.4% (7784; 4.0–4.9%) | 0.4% (8978; 0.2–0.5%) | – |
 Estonia | 9.1% (451; 6.6–12.1%) | 0.4% (451; 0.1–1.6%) | 8.6% (451; 6.2–11.6%) | 0.2% (451; 0.0–1.2%) | – |
 Finland | 3.5% (6084; 3.0–3.9%) | 0.6% (6084; 0.4–0.8%) | 5.6% (6084; 5.0–6.2%) | 0.4% (6084; 0.2–0.5%) | – |
 France | 2.7% (18,070; 2.5–3.0%) | 2.8% (18,070; 2.6–3.1%) | 2.7% (18,074; 2.5–3.0%) | 0.8% (18,356; 0.7–1.0%) | 8.7% (5307; 8.0–9.5%) |
 Germany | 14.2% (20,582; 13.7–14.7%) | 1.4% (20,582; 1.2–1.5%) | 6.0% (20,583; 5.7–6.3%) | 0.8% (20,632; 0.7–1.0%) | 11.8% (686; 9.5–14.5%) |
 Greece | 9.9% (6488; 9.1–10.6%) | 19.6% (6488; 18.6–20.6%) | 0.0% (6488; 0.0–0.1%) | 2.4% (6497; 2.1–2.8%) | 18.5% (9568; 17.7–19.3%) |
 Hungary | 3.9% (593; 2.5–5.8%) | 0.2% (593; 0.0–0.9%) | 0.8% (593; 0.3–2.0%) | 11.5% (724; 9.2–14.0%) | – |
 Italy | 2.6% (64,879; 2.5–2.7%) | 5.1% (64,879; 5.0–5.3%) | 0.4% (64,879; 0.4–0.5%) | 1.9% (84,105; 1.8–2.0%) | 11.9% (90,532; 11.7–12.1%) |
 Lithuania | 8.9% (203; 5.3–13.7%) | 5.4% (203; 2.7–9.5%) | 11.8% (203; 7.7–17.1%) | 5.4% (203; 2.7–9.5%) | – |
 Malta | 0.0% (161; 0.0–2.3%) | 11.8% (161; 7.3–17.8%) | 0.0% (161; 0.0–2.3%) | 0.0% (161; 0.0–2.3%) | 15.9% (289; 11.9–20.7%) |
 The Netherlands | 9.1% (1154; 7.5–10.9%) | 4.7% (1154; 3.5–6.1%) | 9.7% (1154; 8.1–11.6%) | 1.8% (1170; 1.1–2.7%) | 32.4% (136; 24.6–0.9%) |
 Norway | 3.5% (3051; 2.9–4.2%) | 0.7% (3051; 0.4–1.0%) | 10.2% (3051; 9.1–11.3%) | 0.0% (3051; 0.0–0.2%) | – |
 Poland | 10.5% (3812; 9.6–11.5%) | 1.2% (3812; 0.9–1.6%) | 5.4% (3812; 4.7–6.1%) | 0.8% (3816; 0.6–1.2%) | – |
 Portugal | 4.7% (1285; 3.7–6.1%) | 8.2% (1285; 6.7–9.8%) | 0.2% (1285; 0.0–0.7%) | 3.1% (1690; 2.3–4.0%) | 13.8% (1329; 12.0–15.7%) |
 Romania | 5.9% (13,995; 5.6–6.3%) | 7.0% (13,995; 6.5–7.4%) | 0.6% (13,995; 0.5–0.8%) | 11.5% (14,169; 11.0–12.1%) | 0.6% (2546; 0.3–1.0%) |
 Russia | 4.7% (1819; 3.7–5.7%) | 10.9% (1819; 9.5–12.4%) | 2.1% (1819; 1.5–2.9%) | 9.2% (2004; 8.0–10.5%) | – |
 Slovakia | 13.5% (1584; 11.9–15.3%) | 0.8% (1584; 0.4–1.4%) | 3.3% (1584; 2.5–4.4%) | 0.4% (1585; 0.2–0.9%) | – |
 Slovenia | 13.1% (731; 10.8–15.8%) | 0.4% (731; 0.1–1.2%) | 7.4% (731; 5.6–9.5%) | 0.1% (732; 0.0–0.8%) | – |
 Spain | 2.4% (39,526; 2.3–2.6%) | 3.1% (39,526; 3.0–3.3%) | 0.2% (39,526; 0.2–0.3%) | 1.9% (44,559; 1.8–2.1%) | 10.7% (98,737; 10.5–10.9%) |
 Sweden | 12.7% (10,046; 12.1–13.4%) | 0.6% (10,047; 0.5–0.8%) | 13.3% (10,050; 12.7–14.0%) | 0.1% (10,050; 0.1–0.2%) | – |
 Switzerland | 4.7% (1006; 3.5–6.2%) | 3.1% (1006; 2.1–4.3%) | 7.5% (1006; 5.9–9.3%) | 2.0% (1013; 1.2–3.0%) | 12.2% (221; 8.2–17.3%) |
 United Kingdom | 1.2% (2631; 0.8–1.7%) | 1.4% (2631; 1.0–1.9%) | 1.1% (2631; 0.8–1.6%) | 1.1% (2774; 0.8–1.6%) | – |