Effects of agricultural pesticides on the susceptibility and fitness of malaria vectors in rural south-eastern Tanzania

Table 1 Selected pesticides used for experiments of sub-lethal exposures of Anopheles mosquitoes

Trade name	Insecticide class	Active ingredient	Concentration of active ingredient	Description and recommended use
Ninja 5EC	Pyrethroid	Lambda-cyhalothrin	50 g/l	Fast-acting and broad-spectrum; for use on cashew nuts, vegetables and fruits; targets sucking insect pests
Twigaphos 48EC	Organophosphate	Chlorpyrifos	480 g/l	For the control of insects in cotton, coffee, cashew and vegetables
Akheri Powder	Carbamate	Carbaryl	5% w/w	For domestic use against crawling insects such as fleas, ants, cockroaches, etc.

The pesticides represent the different insecticide classes used in the study villages

ISSN: 1756-3305