Table 1 Descriptions of geospatial data used in the study
From: Predicting habitat suitability for Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks in Finland
Data layer(s) | Modifications | Year | Spatial resolution | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean monthly air temperature (°C) | Calculated mean monthly air temperature during the activity season of I. ricinus (May–September) and I. persulcatus (April–June) in 2014–2021 | 2014–2021 | 1000 m | FMI [55] |
Mean monthly precipitation (mm) | Calculated mean monthly precipitation during the activity season of I. ricinus (May–September) and I. persulcatus (April–June) in 2014–2021 | 2014–2021 | 1000 m | FMI [55] |
Mean monthly snow depth (cm) | Calculated mean monthly snow depth in January–April 2014–2021 | 2014–2021 | 1000 m | FMI [55] |
Mean precipitation during the growing season (mm) | Calculated mean precipitation during the growing season | Averages for 1981–2010 | 1000 m | FMI [56] |
Mean heat summation during the growing season (°C day) | Calculated mean heat summation during the growing season | Averages for 1981–2010 | 1000 m | FMI [56] |
Growing season length (GLS) (days) | Calculated growing season length (GLS) | Averages for 1981–2010 | 1000 m | FMI [56] |
CORINE land cover 2018 | Euclidean distances to water, meadow, and forest from tick species presence–absence points were calculated in ArcGIS | 2018 | 20 m | SYKE [49] |
Human population density (persons/km2) | Calculated as a sum | 2019 | 1000Â m | Statistics Finland [57] |
Digital elevation model (DEM) (m) | Calculated mean elevation | 2019 | 10 × 10 m | NLS of Finland [58] |
Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) | Mean NDVI | 2012–2020 | 1000 m | Global VIIRS data [59] |
Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) | Mean EVI | 2012–2020 | 1000 m | Global VIIRS data [59] |
Land surface temperature (LST) (°C) Middle-infrared Reflectance (MIR) | Mean day and night LST Mean MIR | 2012–2020 2012–2020 | 1000 m 1000 m | Global VIIRS data [59] Global VIIRS data [59] |
Abundance indexes of red fox (Vulpes vulpes), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), European hare (Lepus europaeus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus), moose (Alces alces), and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Habitat suitability data of I. ricinus/ I. persulcatus | Average snow track densities in a 50-km radius. Annual average values were averages over 2014–2021. Based on wildlife triangle census Habitat suitabilities for I. ricinus and I. persulcatus were estimated based on environmental and host data | 2014–2021 Estimations based on 2014–2021 data | 1000 m 1000 m | LUKE [60] Produced in this study |