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Fig. 4 | Parasites & Vectors

Fig. 4

From: IL-37 alleviates liver granuloma caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection by inducing alternative macrophage activation

Fig. 4

IL-37 promotes the polarization of peritoneal macrophages to the M2 phenotype in vitro. Peritoneal macrophages were purified from mice infected with S. japonicum or from the IL-37 treatment group. a Optimum protein content of CPP-IL-37 protein and no CPP-IL-37 protein in vitro was determined using FACS. The stimulation time was 24 h. The concentrations of CPP-IL-37 protein and no CPP-IL-37 protein were 10, 20, 40, 80 and 100 ng/ml, respectively. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments, with 5 mice per group in each experiment. b Determination of the optimum time of CPP-IL-37 protein and no CPP-IL-37 protein in vitro by FACS. The concentrations of CPP-IL-37 protein and no CPP-IL-37 protein were 10 and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The stimulation time was 1, 6, 12 and 24 h, respectively. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments, with 5 mice per group in each experiment. c Transcript levels for each chemokine in peritoneal macrophages were evaluated by qRT-PCR. The mRNA levels were expressed relative to the levels in the IL-37 protein treatment group following normalization with β-actin. All data are expressed as mean ± SD. Asterisks indicate significance at *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01. d The ratio of peritoneal M2 macrophages polarized in vitro. The cells were co-cultured with rIL-37, no CPP-IL-37, CPP-IL-37 + SIS3 or CPP-IL-37 protein for 12 h, respectively. Cells were labeled with F4/80 and CD206. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments, with 5 mice per group in each experiment. Abbreviations: PBS, phosphate-buffered saline (control); SIS3, SIS3, selective Smad3 inhibitor

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