Table 1 Characterization of larval habitats

1. Study site

Nyakach Sub-County-Kisumu County

2. Eco-epidemiological zone

LK: lakeshore, MD: hillside, NB: highland plateau

3. Habitat serial number

4. Larval habitat type

A. Drainage ditch: Small to medium depression with water pools formed to channel or drain water runoffs

B. River edge: Bodies of water along the river's banks, shores, and edges

C. Swamp: Area of low-lying, uncultivated ground with water collects, bogs, or marshes

D. Animal hoof print: impressions and depressions on the ground caused by water-filled animal hooves

E. Tire track aquatic impressions left by tires on the surface onto which a vehicle drove

F.. Manmade pond: Any dug areas filled with water, such as dams, water pans, and fish ponds, among others

G. Natural pond: Any depressions filled with rainfall water that had not been dug by humans

H. Rock pool: Collections of water in rocks that can support larval breeding

I. Water container: any container, pots, or bottles filled with water

J: Brick pit: Depressions in the ground caused by brick-making activities

5. Landuse type (surrounding environment)

(1) Forest/shrubland; (2) cultivated land; (3) grassland/pasture; (4) swamp

6. Vegetation coverage %

Based on visual observation, calculated by estimating the percentage of the larval habitat covered

7. Substrate type

(1) Sand/gravel; (2) mud/dirt; (3) plastic/container

8. Distance to nearby house

(1) Less than 100 m; (2) 100–200 m; (3) over 200 m

9. Predators

Each larval habitat assessed for the presence or absence of aquatic predators

10. Algae

The presence or absence of algae visually assessed in the larval habitat

Habitat measure

 11a. Length (m)

Measured and recorded in meters

 11b. Width (m)

Measured and recorded in meters

 11c. Depth (m)

Measured using a meter stick from various locations and the average depth taken