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Table 1 Sand fly-borne disease pathogens reported in humans by country

From: Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) and sand fly-borne pathogens in the Greater Mekong Subregion: a systematic review

Species

Distribution [with references]

Cambodia

Laos

Malaysia

Thailand

Vietnam

Leishmania donovani

–

–

–

[29, 45, 53, 54]

–

L. infantum

–

–

–

[35]

–

L. lainsonia

–

–

–

[54]

–

L. major

–

–

–

[54]

–

L. martiniquensis

–

–

–

[21, 29, 37, 54, 57, 59]

–

L. orientalis

–

–

–

[55, 58, 63]

–

L. siamensisb

–

–

–

[20, 29, 52, 54, 60]

–

L. tropica

–

–

–

[53]

–

Leishmania spp.

–

–

[44, 50, 56]

[33, 42, 43]

–

CL (species identification not available)

–

–

–

[27]

–

VL (species identification not available)

–

–

–

–

[51]

Phlebotomus fever

–

–

[48]

–

–

  1. CL Cutaneous leishmaniasis, VL Visceral leishmaniasis
  2. aThis species is endemic to the Neotropical region and the possibility that the parasite reported in Thailand is a different species cannot be ruled out
  3. bRecently considered as invalid. This species might actually belong to L. martiniquensis and recently described L. orientalis[55]