Fig. 1

Cell proliferation of human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 determined using the CCK-8 assay. LX-2 cells were cultured with different concentrations of CsTPs (a), HBV DNA-positive sera (b) or a mixture of CsTPs and HBV DNA-positive sera (c) for 24 h. Cells treated with phosphate-buffered saline or 0.5 µg/ml BSA were used as controls. Data are presented as mean values ± standard errors (SEs). Statistical significance was analysed by one-sided paired Student’s t-test, and asterisks indicate significance vs the Control group at *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 BSA, Bovine serum albumin; CsTPs total proteins extracted from adult Clonorchis sinensis; HBV, hepatitis B virus