A new WHO bottle bioassay method to assess the susceptibility of mosquito vectors to public health insecticides: results from a WHO-coordinated multi-centre study

Table 3 Optimised test conditions and specific endpoints for each insecticide and mosquito species in the WHO bottle assay

Insecticide class	Insecticide	Mosquito species	Bottle drying time (h)	Exposure time (h)	Recording time (h)	Surfactant and solvent control	Endpoint
Pyrroles	Chlorfenapyr	All Anopheles species	24	1	72	Acetone	Mortality
Neonicotinoids	Clothianidin	An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. stephensi, An. minimus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 800 ppm
		An. albimanus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 200 ppm
		Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 1500 ppm
Butenolides	Flupyradifurone	An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. stephensi, An. minimus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 800 ppm
		An. albimanus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 200 ppm
		Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus	24	1	24	Acetone + MERO^a 1500 ppm
Pyrethroids	Transfluthrin	All Anopheles and Aedes species	24	1	24	Acetone
	Prallethrin	Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus	24	1	24	Acetone
	Metofluthrin	Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus	24	1	24	Acetone
Juvenile hormone mimics	Pyriproxyfen	An. gambiae, An. funestus, An. stephensi	2	1	72 h for mortality; 7 days for oviposition^b	Acetone	Oviposition inhibition

Ae. Aedes mosquitoes, An. Anopheles mosquitoes
^aMERO: 81% rapeseed oil methyl ester (Bayer CropScience)
^bThe 7-day period includes a 72-h holding period in which mosquitoes are kept in paper cups to record mortality, followed by an additional 96 h of individual chambering of surviving females to record oviposition

ISSN: 1756-3305