Table 2 Characteristics of the included studies
From: Protocols for Plasmodium gametocyte production in vitro: an integrative review and analysis
References | Plasmodium strain/clonea | Starting parasitemia (%) | Starting hematocrit (%) | Medium (%) | Type of human serum | NAG | Synchronicity | Induction principleb | CR (%) | Mature gametocyte (%) | Viability | Infectivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[54] | 3D7A | 2 | 5 | 10 HS/5 HS + 0.25 Alb | Pooled AB+ | Yes | Sorbitol | Stress (1, 2) | 10–30 | NA | Yes | Yes |
[29] | P2G12 164/GFP | 1 | 1 | 1 Alb | NA | No | Sorbitol percoll | Stress (1) | NA | NA | Not tested | Not tested |
[39] | 3D7A, NF54, W2, Dd2, 3D7HT-GFP | 0.2 | 12 | 15 Alb, then 10 Alb | NA | Yes | Sorbitol | Stress (1, 3) | NA | 1–2 | Yes | Not tested |
[32] | 3D7, NF54, Dd2, FCR3, W2, HB3 | 0.75 | 2 | 10 HS | Pooled AB+ | No | Sorbitol | Stress (4) | 11–23 | ~ 1.2 | Not tested | Not tested |
[48] | 3D7A, NF54 | 3–5 | 4 | 10 HS | O+ | Yes | Sorbitol percoll/No | Stress (1) | NA | NA | Not tested | Not tested |
[41] | Pf2004/164-tdTom | 0.3 | 2.5 | 10 HS | NA | No | Sorbitol | Stress (1, 2) | 14–24 | NA | Not tested | Not tested |
[31] | 3D7, NF54, FCR3, W2, HB3, 7G8 | 0.5 | 6 | 0.5 Alb | NA | Yes | No | Stress (1, 3) | ~ 33 | 4 | Yes | Not tested |
[37] | NF54 | 1 | 4 | 10 HS | Pooled A+ | No | No | Stress | NA | ~ 2.5 | Yes | Yes |
[43] | NF54pfs16–LUC−GFP | 3 | 5 | 5 HS + 0.25 Alb | AB+ | Yes | Sorbitol MACS | Stress (1) | 11–33 | – | Not tested | Not tested |
[38] | 3D7, FCR3 | 0.8–1.1 | 6 | 10 HS | NA | Yes | Sorbitol | Stress (1) | NA | ~ 0,1–0.3 | Yes | Yes |
[68] | NF54 | 0.6–1 | 5 | 10 HS | Pooled A+ | No | No | Stress | NA | NA | Yes | Yes |
[55] | NF54, 3D7 | 0.1 | 6 | 10 HS/0.5 Alb + PUFAs | A+ /O+ | Yes | No | Stress (1) | NA | ~ 1 | Not tested | Not tested |
[42] | NF54-gexp02-Tom, E5-gexp02-Tom, and NF54-10.3-Tom | 1.5 | 3 | 0.5 Alb + 2 mM choline/10 HS | NA | Yes | Sorbitol percoll | Stress, 5 nM DHA for 3 h | 40 | NA | Yes | Yes |
[50] | NF54 | 0.5 | 4 | 10 HS | O+ | Yes | No | Stress + lactic acid | NA | 3 | Not tested | Yes |
[46] | E5-PfAP2-G-DD | NA | 4 | 0.5 Alb/10 HS | NA | Yes | Sorbitol percoll | Condition | 90 | NA | No | No |
[30] | RKL-9 (Rourkela, Odisha) | 0.5 | 10 | 10 HS | AB+ | Yes | Sorbitol | Stress (1) | NA | NA | Not tested | Not tested |
[45] | NF54/iGP1 GDV1-GFP-DD | 1.5 | 5 | 10 HS | AB+ | Yes | Sorbitol | Condition | 75 | 4 | Yes | Yes |
[44] | 3D7-gACBG2-GFP | 3 – 5 | 4 | ~ 2 HS + 0.3 Alb | Pooled O+ | Yes | Sorbitol MACS | Stress | NA | NA | Not tested | Not tested |
[40] | Pf field isolates | 2–3 | 3 | 10 HS + 0.5 Alb | Pooled O+ | Yes | Sorbitol MACS | Stress (2) | NA | NA | Yes | Not tested |
[47] | P. knowlesi PkH/FZ8 | 1 | 0.2 /2 | 10% Rhesus pooled sera | Yes | Sorbitol percoll | Stress (1) | NA | < 0.05 | Not tested | Yes |