Table 1 Participant characteristics by village

Distance from the river

0 km

0 km

≈8 km

≈5 km

Number of participants: n

116

172

134

38

Age, in years: mean (SD)

27.6 (20.6)

33.3 (22.4)

37.0 (22.6)

23.2 (17.7)

 < 0.001*

Duration in village: mean (SD)

19.1 (18.4)

20.6 (20.6)

33.0 (23.0)

5.4 (6.3)

 < 0.001*

Male gender: n (%)

58 (50.0%)

98 (57.0%)

66 (49.3%)

26 (68.4%)

0.124

Education level: n (%)

 < 0.001*

None

14 (12.1%)

7 (4.1%)

16 (11.9%)

0 (0%)

Primary

73 (62.9%)

112 (65.1%)

71 (53.0%)

30 (78.9%)

Secondary

28 (24.1%)

39 (22.7%)

44 (32.8%)

8 (21.1%)

University

1 (0.9%)

14 (8.1%)

3 (2.2%)

0 (0%)

Previous ivermectin use: n (%)

92 (79.3%)

142 (82.6%)

118 (88.1%)

22 (57.9%)

 < 0.001*

Number of previous ivermectin doses: mean (SD)

5.4 (4.4)

4.8 (3.9)

6.9 (4.5)

1.9 (2.4)

 < 0.001*

Number of years since last ivermectin dose: mean (SD)^a

1.7 (2.8)

2.3 (4.2)

1.1 (3.0)

0.7 (1.1)

 < 0.001*

Tumbling E score: mean (SD)^a

8.5 (2.2)

8.1 (2.4)

8.4 (2.3)

NA

0.292

Presence of skin lesion: n (%)

10 (8.6%)

19 (11.0%)

15 (11.2%)

4 (10.5%)

0.896

Positive skin snip: n (%)^b

20/108 (18.5%)

24/159 (15.1%)

13/123 (10.6%)

5/35 (14.3%)

0.396

Microfilarial load: mean (SD)^b

1.3 (4.9)

1.8 (9.2)

0.5 (3.8)

0.2 (0.8)

0.377

Epilepsy: n (%)

7 (4.1%)

7 (6.0%)

11 (8.21%)

0 (0%)

0.193