Table 1 Study quality assessment and score grading of the 28 studies included in the meta-analysis
No | First author | Country | Sampling time | No. tested | No. positive | Identification method | Fly species | Parasitesa | Research object clearly or not | Three or more group analyses or not | Sampled method described in detail or not | Sampled time clearly reported or not | The number of samples is ≥ 200 or not | Score grade | Study quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Clavel et al. [21] | Spain | July 1998–August 1998 | 600 | 110 | PCR | Musca domestica | C. parvum | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
2 | Förster et al. [22] | Germany | May 2007–September 2007 | 224 | 68 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | A. suum M. apri S. ransomi T. suis | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
3 | Doiz et al. [23] | Spain | July 1998–August 1998 | 600 | 130 | PCR | Musca domestica | G. lamblia | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
4 | Roberts et al. [24] | England | – | 107 | 68 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | E. histolytica | Y | N | Y | N | N | 2 | Medium |
5 | Pegg et al. [25] | England | – | 500 | 331 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | T. canis | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
6 | Paliy et al. [26] | Ukraine | – | 312 | 6 | Microscopy | Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Stomoxys calcitrans | T. canis T. vulpis A. caninum | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
7 | Lalander et al. [27] | Sweden | – | 224 | 13 | Microscopy | Aldrichina grahami | A. suum | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
8 | Ahmadu et al. [28] | Nigeria | July 2014–December 2014 | 400 | 254 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | E. histolytica G. lamblia T. solium A. lumbricoides T. trichiura H. nana | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
9 | Fetene et al. [29] | Ethiopia | October 2006–June 2007 | 1306 | 1089 | Microscopy | Musca domestica, Chrysomya rufifacies, Musca sorbens, Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora vicina, Chrysomya bezziana, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Lucilia sericata | A. lumbricoides T. trichiura Hookworm S. stercoralis H. nana E. histolytica G. lamblia E. coli Cryptosporidium spp. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
10 | Adenusi et al. [30] | Nigeria | November 2011 | 719 | 541 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | A. lumbricoides E. vermicularis H. nana Hookworm S. stercoralis T. solium T. trichiura E. histolytica E. coli Cryptosporidium spp. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
11 | Getachew et al. [31] | Ethiopia | January 2004–June 2004 | 9550 | 6685 | Microscopy | Musca domestica, Chrysomya rufifacies, Musca sorbens, Lucilia cuprina, Calliphora vicina, Wohlfahrtia magnifica | A. lumbricoides T. trichiura Hookworm H. nana S. stercoralis E. histolytica G. lamblia E. coli Cryptosporidium spp. | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
12 | Oyeyemi et al. [32] | Nigeria | January 2014–February 2014 | 150 | 67 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | A. lumbricoides E. vermicularis Hookworm E. histolytica T. trichiura T. solium | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 4 | High |
13 | Adenusi et al. [33] | Nigeria | October 2009–March 2010 | 303 | 185 | Microscopy | Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala Musca sorbens | A. lumbricoides T. trichiura T. solium | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
14 | El-Sherbini et al. [34] | Egypt | – | 508 | 212 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | Hookworm T. trichura A. lumbricoides H. nana | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
15 | Fetene et al. [35] | Ethiopia | December 2007–May 2008 | 430 | 111 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | C. parvum | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
16 | Conn et al. [11] | America | June 2004–July 2004 | 4544 | 2886 | Immunofluorescence technology | Calliphora vicina, | Cryptosporidium spp. G. lamblia | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
17 | Graczyk et al. [10] | America | – | 250 | 25 | Immunofluorescence technology | Musca domestica | C. parvum | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
18 | Graczyk et al. [36] | America | April 1999–September 1999 | 84 | 50 | PCR | Chrysomya megacephala | C. parvum | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 4 | High |
19 | Szostakowska et al. [37] | America | September 2003 | 104 | 28 | Immunofluorescence technology | Muscina stabulans, Lucilia cuprina Lucilia sericata Helicophagella melanura | C. parvum G. lamblia | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 4 | High |
20 | Lima et al. [38] | Brazil | October 2008–October.10 | 1180 | 472 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | E. histolytica E. coli Cystoisospora spp. Giardia spp. H. nana E. vermicularis T. trichiura Ascarids Taenia spp. I. butschlii | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
21 | Oliveira et al. [39] | Brazil | May 1996–April 1998 | 2004 | 1144 | Microscopy | Musca domestica Chrysomya putoria Chrysomya albiceps Ophyra aenescens Fannia canicularis | A. lumbricoides T. leonina T. canis T. trichiura C. hepatica T. orientalis | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
22 | Hemmati et al. [40] | Iran | November 2016–May 2017 | 210 | 126 | PCR | Musca domestica | E. granulosus | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
23 | Yu et al. [41] | China | – | 1000 | 120 | PCR | Musca domestica | E. bieneusi | Y | N | Y | N | Y | 3 | Medium |
24 | Pornruseetriratn et al. [42] | Thailand | February 2013 | 60 | 48 | PCR | Musca domestica | T. solium T. saginata T. asiatica | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 4 | High |
25 | Zhao et al. [43] | China | July 2010–September 2010 | 800 | 160 | PCR | Musca domestica | C. parvum G. lamblia | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
26 | Sulaiman et al. [44] | Malaysia | April 1985–September 1986 | 1418 | 628 | Microscopy | Musca domestica | A. lumbricoides T. trichiura Hookworm | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
27 | Monzon et al. [45] | Philippines | August 1986–October 1986 | 1016 | 314 | Microscopy | Musca domestica, Chrysomya megacephala, | T. trichiura C. hepatica Hookworm A. lumbricoides T. canis T. solium | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 5 | High |
28 | Barnes et al. [46] | Mongolia | April 2017–October 2017 | 115 | 17 | PCR | Lucilia cuprina, Chrysomya megacephala | G. duodenalis Cryptosporidium spp. | Y | Y | Y | Y | N | 4 | High |