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Table 1 Use of Leishmania tarentolae as an antigen in vaccination or as a vaccine vehicle, or to produce viral proteins or virus-like particles

From: Leishmania tarentolae: a vaccine platform to target dendritic cells and a surrogate pathogen for next generation vaccine research in leishmaniases and viral infections

Type of expressed molecule

Whole Lt and/or purified protein

Expressed molecule

Target infection/disease

Animal model

Selected references

WT

Whole Lt

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Leishmaniasis

Murine

[75, 76]

GM for: GFP

Whole Lt

GFP to trace Leishmania tarentolae

Leishmaniasis

Murine

[41]

GM for: pLs prot

Whole Lt and/or purified protein

pLs A2 antigen

pLs A2 antigen + cysteine proteinases A and B (CPA and CPB without C terminal extension)

pLs Leishmania homolog of the receptor for the activated C kinase (LACK) + pLs kinetoplastida membrane protein-11 (KMP11)

Leishmania infantum lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3)

pLs cysteine proteinases A and B (CPA, CPB)

Leishmaniasis

Murine

Hamster

[73, 77, 80, 86, 106, 107]

GM for: IM prot

Whole Lt

Interferon-gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) or CXCL-10

Human neutrophil peptide-1 (HNP-1)

Immunogenic Phlebotomus papatasi salivary molecule SP15 (PpSP15)

Immunogenic Ph. papatasi salivary molecule SP15 (PpSP15) + Phlebotomus sergentii salivary molecule SP9 (PsSP9)

Leishmaniasis

Murine

[82, 84, 87, 88]

GM for: IM prot + pLs prot

Whole Lt

pLs kinetoplastida membrane protein-11 (KMP11) + N-terminal domain of heat shock protein GP96 (NT-GP96)

Leishmaniasis

Murine

[108]

GM for: other protozoan protein

Whole Lt and/or purified protein

Fusion of immunodominant epitopes of 5 Toxoplasma antigens: SAG1-ROP16-GRA12-MIC4-M2AP

Toxoplasmosis

Murine

[99]

GM for: viral protein

Whole Lt and/or purified protein

HPV16-L1

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein/RBD

HIV-1 Gag

HCV envelope glycoproteins (HCV E1-E2)

HPV

SARS-CoV-2

HIV

HCV

Murine

Human tissue

[42, 98a,100, 109]

GM for: IM prot + viral protein

Whole Lt and/or purified protein

HCV polytope (PT) fused to the N-terminal domain of heat shock protein GP96 (HCV-PT + NT-GP96)

(HPV-E7 + NT-GP96) + (HPV-E7 + CT-GP96)

HPV

HCV

Murine

[72, 101]

GM for: VLPs

VLPs

HPV late protein 1 (HPV16 L1)

HBV small surface antigen (sHBsAg) presenting epitopes derived from the HCV E2 glycoprotein

NoV Capsid Prot

HPV

HBV

HCV

NoV

Murine

[102,103,104,105]

  1. GFP Green fluroescent protein, GM genetically modified Leishmania, HBV/HCV hepatitis B/C virus, HIV human immunodeficient virus, HPV human papillomavirus, IM prot immune-modulating protein, Lt Leishmania tarentolae, NoV norovirus, pLs prot pathogenic Leishmania species protein, prot protein, SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, VLPs virus-like particles, WT wild type/non-engineered
  2. aA purified recombinant protein and Leishmania cells expressing a recombinant protein were co-administered