A comprehensive survey of permethrin resistance in human head louse populations from northwest Iran: ex vivo and molecular monitoring of knockdown resistance alleles

Table 2 Distribution of knockdown resistance-like M815 alleles of voltage-sensitive sodium channel gene (vssc) in mitochondrial groups of head louse populations

Lice group	No. of lice	Genotype^a			Frequency of resistance allele (%)	H–W (χ²)^b	P^c	F_is^d
Lice group	No. of lice	R/R	R/S	S/S	Frequency of resistance allele (%)	H–W (χ²)^b	P^c	F_is^d
Clade A	36	12 (33.33)	11 (30.55)	13 (36.12)	48.61	5.43	0.06	0.39
Clade B	260	55 (21.15)	190 (73.08)	15 (5.77)	57.69	64.21	0	− 0.49
Total	296	67 (22.63)	201 (67.9)	28 (9.47)	56.59	43.21	0	− 0.38

^aS and R are susceptible and resistant alleles, respectively. The percentages of each genotype proportion is shown in parentheses
^bPopulations were tested for the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium using a Chi-square test
^cProbability (P) values of the Chi-square test
^dF_is, inbreeding coefficient) = 1 — (observed frequency of heterozygotes/expected frequency of heterozygotes). F_is values > 0 indicate heterozygote deficiency and positive inbreeding; F_is values < 0 indicate heterozygote excess and negative inbreeding

ISSN: 1756-3305