Fig. 1
Transcriptomic overview of the Plasmodium yoelii–rodent system. a Pearson correlation and hierarchical cluster analysis of samples between infected groups and control groups, with five replicates for the infected groups and triplicates for the control groups. b Principal component analysis between two conditions. c Distribution of differentially expressed genes. d Volcano plot of differentially expressed mRNAs. e Volcano plot of differentially expressed lncRNAs. f Number and classification of identified circular RNAs in all samples. In the volcano plots, red and blue dots correspond to differentially expressed genes that are significantly upregulated or downregulated between the two groups (adjusted P value < 0.05, |log2FoldChange|> 1). The X-axis shows the log2(fold change) of expression, and the Y-axis shows the -log10(adjusted P value) for each gene. g, h Reverse transcription‒quantitative PCR of the top 10 differentially expressed mRNAs (g) and lncRNAs (h). The X-axis represents gene names, and the Y-axis represents the ΔCt value (Cttarget – Ctendo), with GAPDH as the reference gene. Boxes and error bars represent the mean ± standard deviation (SD) over triplicate biological samples and triplicate technical replicates of Ct values. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used for ΔCt comparison. Asterisks indicate a significant difference at *P < 0.05, **P value < 0.01 and ***P value < 0.001. Ct, Cycle threshold; DE, differentially expressed; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase ; PCA, principle component analysis; LncRNA, long, noncoding RNA; mRNA, messenger RNA; TEC, protein tyrosine kinase Tec; Non-sig, not significant