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Table 2 Spatio-temporal variation in pathogen prevelance in the blood from cattle

From: Tick-borne pathogens and body condition of cattle in smallholder rural livestock production systems in East and West Africa

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1

2

Burkina Faso (%)

Ghana (%)

Benin (%)

Nigeria (%)

Ethiopia (%)

Uganda (%)

Tanzania (%)

 

3

4

Anaplasma

centrale

0.5 a

0.8 a

X

0.0

0.0

 

4.6

4.7

 

2.5

6.25

 

4.2

5.0

 

2.1

0.0

 

3.3 ab

1.3 a

X

0.5 ab

0.0 b

 

0.4

0.0

 

0.9

4.8

 

3.6

6.9

 

3.9

3.8

 

0.0

0.8

 

0.4 a

9.7 b

 

Overall

0.5 B

 

0.1 B

 

3.9 A

 

4.5 A

 

4.2 A

 

0.8 B

 

3.7 A

 

Anaplasma

marginale

41.0 a

46.3ac

X

92.1

96.7

 

65.0 a

66.8 a

X

44.6 ab

53.3 a

X

63.3 a

66.3 a

X

40.4

41.2

 

70.6

67.4

 

53.9 c

23.5 b

 

100

97.1

 

95.4 c

86.9 d

 

50 ab

36.6 b

 

58.6 a

46.4 b

 

51.6

43.8

 

72.1

77.3

 

Overall

45.3 C

 

96.46 E

 

78.62 D

 

47.61 C

 

58.7 A

 

44.12 C

 

71.9 B

 

Babesia

bigemina

0.9 a

0.0 a

X

18.3 a

32.2 b

X

37.9

41.3

 

35.8 a

23.3 b

X

20 ab

17.9 ab

X

8.8 a

1.3 b

X

37.2 a

33.5 a

X

1.3 b

1.7 a

 

17.6 a

14.6 a

 

17.1

31.6

 

21.1 b

4.9 c

 

12.0 a

27.2 b

 

3.1 ab

7.5 a

 

21.3 b

12.2 c

 

Overall

1.0 C

 

20.7 A

 

32.3 D

 

24.26 A

 

19.3 A

 

5.2 B

 

25.3 A

 

Babesia

bovis

0.5 a

2.9 a

X

15.0 a

12.4 c

X

15.8 a

4.3 b

X

1.6 a

0.4 a

X

0.0

0.0

 

8.8 a

0.9 b

X

13.3 a

10.5 a

X

2.9 a

0.0 b

 

4.2 b

4.6 b

 

1.9 b

6.9 b

 

0 b

0 b

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0 b

3.8 ab

 

2.1 b

8.0 a

 

Overall

2.0 AB

 

9.1 C

 

7.33 C

 

0.65 A

 

0.0 A

 

3.4 AB

 

8.1 C

 

Ehrlichia

ruminantium

4.7 a

3.3 a

X

11.3 ab

5.4 a

X

15.4 a

27.2 b

X

2.9 a

7.9 a

X

10.4 a

3.8 b

X

2.5

1.3

 

9.4 a

5.4 ab

X

3.7 ab

0.0 b

 

13.8 b

11.3 ab

 

11.6 a

17.9 ab

 

6.7 a

0.0 b

 

10.3 a

18.4 a

 

3.1

2.1

 

5.0 ab

0.8 b

 

Overall

3.4 B

 

10.4 A

 

18.1 C

 

5.0 B

 

10.7 A

 

2.2 B

 

4.9 B

 

Theileria

parva

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

2.9

3.4

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

0.0

0.0

 

3.1

2.5

 

0.0

0.0

 

Overall

0 A

 

0.0 A

  

0.0 A

 

0.0 A

 

0.0 A

 

3.0 A

 

0.0 A

 

N° screened

944

  

960

  

982

  

775

  

953

  

936

  

897

  
  1. Farms in seven African countries (two districts each) were visited four times within a time window of 12 months
  2. Shared letters indicate no difference, either among seasons (a,b,c,d; pair-wise comparisons made for each pathogen-country combination separately) or among countries (A,B,C,D; pair-wise comparisons made after correction for seasonal differences)
  3. ‘X’: seasonal differences detected